Editing IPCC:AR6/WGII/Chapter-16 (section)

==== 16.6.1.1 Links between Key Risks and Sustainable Development Goals ====

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Within the AR6 cycle, the three IPCC Special Reports have all considered the relationships between climate change impacts and actions and the SDGs. SR15 discussed priorities for sustainable development in relation to climate adaptation efforts ( [[IPCC:Wg2:Chapter:Chapter-5#5.3.1|Section 5.3.1]] , SR15); synergies and trade-offs of climate adaptation measures ( [[IPCC:Wg2:Chapter:Chapter-5#5.3.2|Section 5.3.2]] , SR15); and the effect of adaptation pathways towards a 1.5°C warmer world ( [[IPCC:Wg2:Chapter:Chapter-5#5.3|Section 5.3.3]] SR15). The SRCCL considered impacts of desertification on SDGs 1 (no poverty), 2 (zero hunger), 13 (climate), 15 (life on land) and 5 (gender) ( [[#IPCC--2019a|IPCC, 2019a]] , Figure 3.9). Trade-offs and synergies between SDGs 2 (zero hunger) and 13 (climate action) at the global level were recognised ( [[#IPCC--2019a|IPCC, 2019a]] , [[IPCC:Wg2:Chapter:Chapter-5#5.6|Section 5.6.6]] , Figure 5.16). Various integrated response options, interventions and investments were also evaluated within the SDG framework ( [[#IPCC--2019a|IPCC, 2019a]] , [[IPCC:Wg2:Chapter:Chapter-6#6.4.3|Section 6.4.3]] ). The SROCC (Chapter 5) concluded that climate change impacts on the ocean, overall, will negatively affect achieving the SDGs, with 14 (life below water) being most relevant ( [[#Singh--2019|Singh et al., 2019]] ).

Many linkages between SDG 13 (climate action) and other SDGs have been identified ( ''very high confidence'' ) ( [[#Blanc--2015|Blanc, 2015]] ; [[#Kelman--2015|Kelman, 2015]] ; [[#Northrop--2016|Northrop et al., 2016]] ; [[#Hammill--2017|Hammill and Price-Kelly, 2017]] ; [[#ICSU--2017|ICSU, 2017]] ; [[#Mugambiwa--2017|Mugambiwa and Tirivangasi, 2017]] ; [[#Dzebo--2018|Dzebo et al., 2018]] ; [[#Major--2018|Major et al., 2018]] ; [[#Nilsson--2018|Nilsson et al., 2018]] ; [[#Sanchez%20Rodriguez--2018|Sanchez Rodriguez et al., 2018]] ). In addition, interactions between different climate change actions and SDGs, and interactions among SDGs themselves, have also been assessed ( [[#Nilsson--2016|Nilsson et al., 2016]] ; [[#IPCC--2018a|IPCC, 2018a]] ; [[#McCollum--2018|McCollum et al., 2018]] ; [[#Fuso-Nerini--2019|Fuso-Nerini et al., 2019]] ; [[#IPCC--2019b|IPCC, 2019b]] ; [[#Cernev--2020|Cernev and Fenner, 2020]] ). The Cross-Chapter Box GENDER in [[IPCC:Wg2:Chapter:Chapter-18|Chapter 18]] assessment indicates the importance of gender considerations in achieving success and benefits in adaptation efforts. Aligning climate change adaptation to the SDGs could bring potential co-benefits and increased efficiency in funding, and reduce the gap between adaptation planning and implementation ( ''very high confidence'' ) ( [[#IPCC--2018a|IPCC, 2018a]] ; [[#Sanchez%20Rodriguez--2018|Sanchez Rodriguez et al., 2018]] ; [[#IPCC--2019b|IPCC, 2019b]] ; [[#IPCC--2019a|IPCC, 2019a]] ).

Progress towards meeting the SDGs has been recognised to be able to reduce global disparities and support more climate resilient development pathways (IPCC WGII AR5, Chapter 13, p. 818; discussed further in Chapter 18). Nevertheless, we are still lagging in achieving the 2030 Goals ( [[#OECD--2019|OECD, 2019]] ; [[#Sachs--2021|Sachs et al., 2021]] ), and this affects societal vulnerability, readiness and risk response capacities ( [[#IPCC--2019a|IPCC, 2019a]] , Chapters 6, 7, Chapters 6 and 8, this report). We assess the risk literature for linkages between key risks (grouped by RKRs) and the indicators of the SDGs ( [[#UN--2015|UN, 2015]] ) using text analysis (details in SM16.5) to identify the potential level of effect of different risks on the SDGs. Some 940 documents were analysed. The SDG status is associated with projected climate hazards, also called climatic impact drivers (CIDs) ( [[#Ranasinghe--2021|Ranasinghe et al., 2021]] ) (panel a), and RKRs (panel c), summarising hazard and exposure with vulnerability aspects, as expressed by challenges in achieving the SDGs (panel d), on a regional level (Figure 16.12).

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[[File:b841e572052129fd154aa12623b9c0db IPCC_AR6_WGII_Figure_16_012.png]]

'''Figure 16.12 |''' '''Linkages between the projected climatic impact drivers (CIDs) by region, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by region, and the representative key risks (RKRs).'''

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