Editing IPCC:AR6/WGII/Chapter-3 (section)

==== 3.6.2.3 Marine and Coastal Nature-Based Solutions ====

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The ocean and coastal adaptation portfolio (Figure 3.23) also includes marine and coastal NbS (Table 3.30). NbS that contribute to climate adaptation, also known as ecosystem-based adaptations (EBA), are cross-cutting actions that harness ecosystem functions to restore, protect and sustainably manage marine ecosystems facing climate-change impacts, while also benefiting social systems and human security ( [[#Abelson--2015|Abelson et al., 2015]] ; [[#Barkdull--2019|Barkdull and Harris, 2019]] ) and supporting biodiversity ( ''high confidence'' ) (Annex II: Glossary; Cross-Chapter Box NATURAL in Chapter 2; [[#Seddon--2021|Seddon et al., 2021]] ). NbS are expected to contribute to global adaptation and mitigation goals ( ''high confidence'' ) ( [[#Beck--2018|Beck et al., 2018]] ; [[#Cooley--2019|Cooley et al., 2019]] ; [[#Hoegh-Guldberg--2019b|Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2019b]] ; [[#Menéndez--2020|Menéndez et al., 2020]] ; [[#Morris--2020a|Morris et al., 2020a]] ) by protecting coastal environments from SLR and storms (Cross-Chapter Box SLR; [[#Reguero--2018|Reguero et al., 2018]] ), and by storing substantial quantities of carbon (Sections 3.4.2.5, 3.6.3.1.5; WGIII AR6 Chapter 7; [[#Howard--2017|Howard et al., 2017]] ; [[#Chow--2018|Chow, 2018]] ; [[#Smale--2018|Smale et al., 2018]] ; [[#Singh--2019b|Singh et al., 2019b]] ; [[#Soper--2019|Soper et al., 2019]] ). Marine NbS are cost-effective, can generate social, economic and cultural co-benefits, and can contribute to the conservation of biodiversity in the near- to mid-term ( ''high confidence'' ) ( [[#Secretariat%20of%20the%20Convention%20on%20Biological%20Diversity--2009|Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2009]] ; [[#Gattuso--2018|Gattuso et al., 2018]] ; [[#Barkdull--2019|Barkdull and Harris, 2019]] ; [[#McLeod--2019|McLeod et al., 2019]] ).

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