Editing IPCC:AR6/WGII/Chapter-11 (section)

==== 11.7.3.1 Planning and Tools ====

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Adaptation decision support tools enable a shift from reactive to anticipatory planning for changing climate risks ( ''high confidence'' ). The available tools are diversifying with futures and systems methodologies and dynamic adaptive policy pathways being increasingly used ( [[#Bosomworth--2017|Bosomworth et al., 2017]] ; [[#Prober--2017|Prober et al., 2017]] ; [[#Lawrence--2018a|Lawrence et al., 2018a]] ; [[#CoA--2020e|CoA, 2020e]] ; [[#Rogers--2020a|Rogers et al., 2020a]] ; [[#Schneider--2020|Schneider et al., 2020]] ) (11.5; Box 11.6) to facilitate the shift from static to dynamic adaptation by highlighting path dependencies and potential lock-in of decisions, system dependencies and the potential for cascading impacts (Table 11.17) ( [[#Wilson--2013|Wilson et al., 2013]] ; [[#Clarvis--2015|Clarvis et al., 2015]] ; [[#Pearson--2018|Pearson et al., 2018]] ; [[#Cradock-Henry--2020b|Cradock-Henry et al., 2020b]] ; [[#Lawrence--2020b|Lawrence et al., 2020b]] ). Modelling and tools to test the robustness and cost-effectiveness of options ( [[#Infometrics%20and%20PSConsulting--2015|Infometrics and PSConsulting, 2015]] ; [[#Qin--2020|Qin and Stewart, 2020]] ) can be used alongside adaptation strategies with decision-relevant and usable information ( [[#Smith--2016|Smith et al., 2016]] ; [[#Tangney--2019|Tangney, 2019]] ; [[#Serrao-Neumann--2020|Serrao-Neumann et al., 2020]] ), particularly when supported by effective governance and national and sub-national guidance (Box 11.6).

More inclusive, collaborative and learning-oriented community engagement processes are fundamental to effective adaptation outcomes (11.7.3.2) ( ''very high confidence'' ) ( [[#Boston--2016|Boston, 2016]] ; [[#Lawrence--2017|Lawrence and Haasnoot, 2017]] ; [[#Sellberg--2018|Sellberg et al., 2018]] ; [[#Serrao-Neumann--2019a|Serrao-Neumann et al., 2019a]] ; [[#Simon--2020|Simon et al., 2020]] ). More participatory vulnerability and risk assessments can better reflect different knowledge systems, values, perspectives, trade-offs, dilemmas, synergies, costs and risks ( [[#Jacobs--2019|Jacobs et al., 2019]] ; [[#Ogier--2020|Ogier et al., 2020]] ; [[#Tonmoy--2020|Tonmoy et al., 2020]] ). A shift from hierarchical to more cooperative governance modalities can assist effective adaptation ( [[#Vermeulen--2018|Vermeulen et al., 2018]] ; [[#Steffen--2019|Steffen et al., 2019]] ; [[#CoA--2020e|CoA, 2020e]] ; [[#Lawrence--2020b|Lawrence et al., 2020b]] ; [[#MfE--2020a|MfE, 2020a]] ; [[#Hanna--2021|Hanna et al., 2021]] ).

Regular monitoring, evaluation, communication and coordination of adaptation are essential for accelerating learning and adjusting to dynamic climate impacts and changes in socioeconomic and cultural conditions ( ''high confidence'' ) ( [[#Moloney--2018|Moloney and McClaren, 2018]] ; [[#Palutikof--2019a|Palutikof et al., 2019a]] ; [[#Cradock-Henry--2020a|Cradock-Henry et al., 2020a]] ). Training to improve decision makers’ ‘evaluative capacity’ can play a role ( [[#Scott--2021|Scott and Moloney, 2021]] ). Climate action benchmarking, diagnostic tools and networking can enhance the adaptation process across diverse decision settings (e.g., water, coasts, protected areas and Indigenous Peoples) ( [[#Ayre--2017|Ayre and Nettle, 2017]] ; [[#Davidson--2018|Davidson and Gleeson, 2018]] ; [[#Coenen--2019|Coenen et al., 2019]] ; [[#Gibbs--2020|Gibbs, 2020]] ). Effective adaptation requires cross-jurisdictional and cross-sectoral policy coherence and national coordination ( [[#Delany-Crowe--2019|Delany-Crowe et al., 2019]] ; [[#Rychetnik--2019|Rychetnik et al., 2019]] ; [[#MfE--2020c|MfE, 2020c]] ).

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