Editing IPCC:AR6/WGII/Chapter-7 (section)

=== 7.1.3 Important Developments Since AR5 ===

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==== 7.1.3.1 International Agreements ====

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Since AR5, several new international agreements have come into effect that have implications for international responses to the climate risks assessed in this chapter. The 2015 Paris Agreement, which explicitly mentions health in three separate sections, set new goals for adaptation and established a working group to study the effects of climate change on population displacement. The 17 United Nations (UN) SDGs for 2030, adopted in 2015, are all important for building adaptive capacity in general, with goals 13 (‘Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts’) and 3 (‘Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages’) being directly relevant to this chapter. Other SDGs contain specific targets that are also relevant for this chapter, including Target 10.7 (‘Well-managed migration policies’), Target 8.3 (‘Decent work for all’) and Target 5.4 (‘Promotion of peaceful and inclusive societies’) ( [[#Piper--2017|Piper, 2017]] ). The 2015 Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction puts an emphasis on health and well-being ( [[#Aitsi-Selmi--2016|Aitsi-Selmi and Murray, 2016]] ) In 2018, UN member states negotiated Global Compacts for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration and on Refugees that, taken together with the Paris Agreement, provide pathways for coordinated international responses to climate-related migration and displacement ( [[#Warner--2018|Warner, 2018]] ).

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==== 7.1.3.2 IPCC Special Reports ====

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All three post-AR5 IPCC Special Reports considered some of the research that is assessed here in greater detail. The 2018 report on 1.5°C (SR1.5) included a review of climate change and health literature published since AR5 and called for further efforts for protecting health and well-being of vulnerable people and regions ( [[#Ebi--2018b|Ebi et al., 2018b]] ) and highlighted links between climate change hazards, poverty, food security, migration and conflict. The 2019 Special Report on Climate Change and Land (SRCCL) ( [[#IPCC--2019b|IPCC, 2019b]] ) emphasised the impacts of climate change on food security; highlighted links between reduced resilience of dryland populations, land degradation, migration and conflict; and raised concerns about the impacts of climate extremes. The 2019 Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate ( [[#IPCC--2019a|IPCC, 2019a]] ) detailed how changes in the cryosphere and ocean systems have impacted people and ecosystem services, particularly food security, water resources, water quality, livelihoods, health and well-being, infrastructure, transportation, tourism and recreation as well as the culture of human societies, particularly for Indigenous Peoples. It also noted the risks of future displacements due to rising sea levels and associated coastal hazards.

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