Editing IPCC:AR6/SRCCL/Chapter-7 (section)

=== 7.6.7 Inclusive governance for sustainable development ===

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Many sustainable development efforts fail because of lack of attention to societal issues, including inequality, discrimination, social exclusion and marginalisation (see Cross-Chapter Box 11 in this chapter) (Arts 2017a <sup>[[#fn:r1558|1558]]</sup> ). However, the human-rights-based approach of the 2030 Agenda and Sustainable Development Goals commits to leaving no one behind (Arts 2017b). Inclusive governance focuses attention in issues of equity and the human-rights-based approach for development as it includes social, ecological and relational components used for assessing access to, as well as the allocations of rights, responsibilities and risks with respect to social and ecological resources ( ''medium agreement'' ) (Gupta and Pouw 2017 <sup>[[#fn:r1559|1559]]</sup> ).

Governance processes that are inclusive of all people in decision-making and management of land, are better able to make decisions addressing trade-offs of sustainable development (Gupta et al. 2015 <sup>[[#fn:r1560|1560]]</sup> ) and achieve SDGs focusing on social and ecological inclusiveness (Gupta and Vegelin 2016). Citizen engagement is important in enhancing natural resource service delivery by citizen inclusion in management and governance decisions (Section 7.5.5). In governing natural resources, focus is now not only on rights of citizens in relation to natural resources, but also on citizen obligations, responsibilities (Karar and Jacobs-Mata 2016 <sup>[[#fn:r1561|1561]]</sup> ; Chaney and Fevre 2001 <sup>[[#fn:r1562|1562]]</sup> ), feedback and learning processes (Tàbara et al. 2010 <sup>[[#fn:r1563|1563]]</sup> ). In this respect, citizen engagement is also an imperative, particularly for

analysing and addressing aggregated informal coping strategies of local residents in developing countries, which are important drivers of natural resource depletions (but often overlooked in conventional policy development processes in natural resource management) (Ehara et al. 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r1564|1564]]</sup> ).

Inclusive adaptive governance makes important contributions to the management of risk. Inclusive governance concerning risk integrates people’s knowledge and values by involving them in decision-making processes where they are able to contribute their respective knowledge and values to make effective, efficient, fair, and morally acceptable decisions (Renn and Schweizer 2009 <sup>[[#fn:r1565|1565]]</sup> ). Representation in decision-making would include major actors – government, economic sectors, the scientific community and representatives of civil society (Renn and Schweizer 2009 <sup>[[#fn:r1566|1566]]</sup> ). Inclusive governance focuses attention on the well-being and meaningful participation in decision-making of the poorest (in income), vulnerable (in terms of age, gender, and location), and the most marginalised, and is inclusive of all knowledges (Gupta et al. 2015 <sup>[[#fn:r1567|1567]]</sup> ).

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