Editing IPCC:AR6/WGII/Chapter-3 (section)

===== 3.6.3.1.4 Maritime transport =====

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Increased maritime transport and cruise-ship tourism in the Arctic are already impacting local and Indigenous Peoples, revealing conflicts over the uses of the ocean and the governance needed to support local people and a sustainable blue economy ( ''high confidence'' ) ( [[#Debortoli--2019|Debortoli et al., 2019]] ; [[#Palma--2019|Palma et al., 2019]] ; [[#Berman--2020|Berman et al., 2020]] ; [[#Dundas--2020|Dundas et al., 2020]] ). While shipping and its associated environmental impacts are projected to grow ( [[#Palma--2019|Palma et al., 2019]] ; [[#Dawson--2020|Dawson et al., 2020]] ), adaptation efforts are only at the planning stage ( [[#Debortoli--2019|Debortoli et al., 2019]] ). Increased Arctic traffic due to ice loss can benefit trade, transportation and tourism ( ''medium confidence'' ), but will also affect Arctic marine ecosystems and livelihoods ( ''high confidence'' ) ( [[#Palma--2019|Palma et al., 2019]] ; [[#Dawson--2020|Dawson et al., 2020]] ). Increasing search-and-rescue activities ( [[#Ford--2019|Ford and Clark, 2019]] ) reveal capacity gaps to support future demands ( [[#Ford--2019|Ford and Clark, 2019]] ; [[#Palma--2019|Palma et al., 2019]] ). The Low-Impact Shipping Corridors initiative has been developed as an adaptation strategy in the Arctic, although with limited inclusion of IKLK ( [[#Dawson--2020|Dawson et al., 2020]] ).

Relative SLR and the increased frequency and severity of storms are already affecting port activity, infrastructure and supply chains, sometimes disrupting trade and transport ( [[#Monios--2020|Monios and Wilmsmeier, 2020]] ), but these hazards are not systematically incorporated into adaptation planning ( ''medium evidence'' ) ( [[#Monios--2020|Monios and Wilmsmeier, 2020]] ; [[#O’Keeffe--2020|O’Keeffe et al., 2020]] ). Climate-change impacts that increase food insecurity, income loss and poverty can exacerbate maritime criminal activity, including illegal fishing, drug trafficking or piracy ( ''medium evidence'' ) ( [[#Germond--2019|Germond and Mazaris, 2019]] ). A transformational adaptation approach to address climate impacts on maritime activities and increase security ( [[#Germond--2019|Germond and Mazaris, 2019]] ) would relocate ports, change centres of demand, reduce shipping distances or shorten supply chains ( ''medium agreement'' ) ( [[#Walsh--2019|Walsh et al., 2019]] ; [[#Monios--2020|Monios and Wilmsmeier, 2020]] ) as well as decrease marginalisation of vulnerable groups, develop polycentric governance systems and eliminate maladaptive environmental policies and resource loss ( [[#Belhabib--2020|Belhabib et al., 2020]] ; [[#O’Keeffe--2020|O’Keeffe et al., 2020]] ).

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