Editing IPCC:AR6/WGII/Chapter-3 (section)

===== 3.6.3.1.5 Human health =====

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Health-focused adaptations to climate-driven changes in ocean and coastal water quality ( [[#3.5.5.3|Section 3.5.5.3]] ) leverage mainly technology and infrastructure ( [[#3.6.2.2|Section 3.6.2.2]] ) to improve water-quality monitoring and forecasting to inform socio-institutional adaptation ( [[#3.6.2.1|Section 3.6.2.1]] ) and NbS ( [[#3.6.2.3|Section 3.6.2.3]] ). Seafood quality and safety are decreasing due to climate-driven increases in marine-borne diseases (Cross-Chapter Box ILLNESS in Chapter 2), toxic HABs or toxin bioaccumulation ( ''high agreement'' ) ( [[#Karagas--2012|Karagas et al., 2012]] ; [[#Krabbenhoft--2013|Krabbenhoft and Sunderland, 2013]] ; [[#Rafaj--2013|Rafaj et al., 2013]] ; [[#Curtis--2019|Curtis et al., 2019]] ; [[#Schartup--2019|Schartup et al., 2019]] ; [[#Thackray--2019|Thackray and Sunderland, 2019]] ). Future exposure to seafood-borne contaminants also depends partly on consumers’ seafood preferences ( [[#Elsayed--2020|Elsayed et al., 2020]] ) and seafood supply ( [[#Sunderland--2018|Sunderland et al., 2018]] ). Reducing this risk by decreasing seafood consumption increases the risk of eating less nutritious foods, and loss of cultural practices (Chapter 5; Cross-Chapter Box MOVING SPECIES in Chapter 5; [[#Donatuto--2011|Donatuto et al., 2011]] ; [[#Bindoff--2019a|Bindoff et al., 2019a]] ). Models incorporating high-resolution satellite images, field survey data, meteorological observations and historical records can provide early-warning forecasts of HABs or conditions that favour microbial pathogen outbreaks (Cross-Chapter Box ILLNESS in Chapter 2; [[#Semenza--2017|Semenza et al., 2017]] ; [[#Franks--2018|Franks, 2018]] ; [[#Hattenrath-Lehmann--2018|Hattenrath-Lehmann et al., 2018]] ; [[#Borbor-Cordova--2019|Borbor-Cordova et al., 2019]] ; [[#Davis--2019|Davis et al., 2019]] ; [[#Campbell--2020a|Campbell et al., 2020a]] ; [[#Davidson--2021|Davidson et al., 2021]] ). Forecasts facilitate preventive public health measures ( [[#World%20Health%20Organisation%20and%20United%20Nations%20Children’s%20Fund--2017|World Health Organisation and United Nations Children’s Fund, 2017]] ), or seafood harvest guidance ( [[#Maguire--2016|Maguire et al., 2016]] ; [[#Leadbetter--2018|Leadbetter et al., 2018]] ; [[#Anderson--2019|Anderson et al., 2019]] ; [[#Bolin--2021|Bolin et al., 2021]] ), reducing risks of disease outbreaks, waste and contaminated seafood entering the market ( ''medium confidence'' ) (Cross-Chapter Box ILLNESS in Chapter 2; [[#Nichols--2018|Nichols et al., 2018]] ). Monitoring of water quality and seafood safety (Cross-Chapter Box ILLNESS in Chapter 2), paired with effective public communication and education ( [[#Ekstrom--2020|Ekstrom et al., 2020]] ), inform individual and local adaptations, including use of (a) personal protective equipment, (b) seafood selection and preparation ( [[#Elsayed--2020|Elsayed et al., 2020]] ; [[#Froelich--2020|Froelich and Daines, 2020]] ; [[#Fielding--2021|Fielding et al., 2021]] ), (c) income diversification ( [[#3.6.2.1|Section 3.6.2.1]] ; [[#Moore--2020b|Moore et al., 2020b]] ), (d) public education ( [[#Borbor-Cordova--2019|Borbor-Cordova et al., 2019]] ) or (e) community-level actions to decrease risk from coastal aquifer and soil salinisation ( [[#Slama--2020|Slama et al., 2020]] ; [[#Mastrocicco--2021|Mastrocicco and Colombani, 2021]] ), HAB toxins ( [[#Ekstrom--2020|Ekstrom et al., 2020]] ) and other contaminants (e.g., methylmercury, metals, persistent organic pollutants) in seafood ( [[#Chan--2021|Chan et al., 2021]] ). A full assessment of climate-change impacts on human health is found in [[IPCC:Wg2:Chapter:Chapter-7|Chapter 7]] and Cross-Chapter Box ILLNESS in Chapter 2.

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