IPCC:AR6/SRCCL/Chapter-1 - Revision history

Laura at 08:26, 22 May 2026

2026-05-22T08:26:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:26, 22 May 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
			{{ChapterNavigation
			\| cover = Cover-SRCCL.jpg
			\| reporturl = IPCC:AR6/SRCCL
			\| reporttitle = SRCCL
			\| prevurl = IPCC:AR6/SRCCL/TS
			\| nexturl = IPCC:AR6/SRCCL/Chapter-2
			}}

	= Chapter 1: Framing and Context =		= Chapter 1: Framing and Context =

Laura: Laura moved page IPCC:Srccl:Chapter:Chapter-1 to IPCC:AR6/SRCCL/Chapter-1 without leaving a redirect

2026-05-18T16:08:16Z

Laura moved page IPCC:Srccl:Chapter:Chapter-1 to IPCC:AR6/SRCCL/Chapter-1 without leaving a redirect

← Older revision	Revision as of 16:08, 18 May 2026
(No difference)

Laura: /* CCB2 Implications of large-scale conversion from non-forest to forest land */

2026-05-18T09:55:58Z

CCB2 Implications of large-scale conversion from non-forest to forest land

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:55, 18 May 2026
Line 676:		Line 676:

	<div id="section-1-3-1-targeted-decarbonisation-relying-on-large-land-area-need-block-1"></div>		<div id="section-1-3-1-targeted-decarbonisation-relying-on-large-land-area-need-block-1"></div>

	~~<!-- START TABLE -->~~
	~~<!-- TABLE -->~~
	~~{\| class="wikitable"~~
	\|-
	\|
	\|-

	Baldur Janz (Germany), Almut Arneth (Germany), Francesco Cherubini (Norway/Italy), Edouard Davin (Switzerland/France), Aziz Elbehri (Morocco), Kaoru Kitajima (Japan), Werner Kurz (Canada).		Baldur Janz (Germany), Almut Arneth (Germany), Francesco Cherubini (Norway/Italy), Edouard Davin (Switzerland/France), Aziz Elbehri (Morocco), Kaoru Kitajima (Japan), Werner Kurz (Canada).

	Efforts to increase forest area		'''Efforts to increase forest area'''

	While deforestation continues in many world regions, especially in the tropics, large expansion of mostly managed forest area has taken place in some countries. In the IPCC context, reforestation (conversion to forest of land that previously contained forests but has been converted to some other use) is distinguished from afforestation (conversion to forest of land that historically has not contained forests; see Glossary). Past expansion of managed forest area occurred in many world-regions for a variety of reasons, from meeting needs for wood fuel or timber (Vadell et al. 2016 <sup>[[#fn:r591\|591]]</sup> ; Joshi et al. 2011 <sup>[[#fn:r592\|592]]</sup> ; Zaloumis and Bond 2015 <sup>[[#fn:r593\|593]]</sup> ; Payn et al. 2015 <sup>[[#fn:r594\|594]]</sup> ; Shoyama 2008 <sup>[[#fn:r595\|595]]</sup> ; Miyamoto et al. 2011 <sup>[[#fn:r596\|596]]</sup> ) to restoration-driven efforts, with the aim of enhancing ecological function (Filoso et al. 2017 <sup>[[#fn:r597\|597]]</sup> ; Salvati and Carlucci 2014 <sup>[[#fn:r598\|598]]</sup> ; Ogle et al. 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r599\|599]]</sup> ; Crouzeilles et al. 2016 <sup>[[#fn:r600\|600]]</sup> ; FAO 2016 <sup>[[#fn:r601\|601]]</sup> ) (Sections 3.7 and 4.9).		While deforestation continues in many world regions, especially in the tropics, large expansion of mostly managed forest area has taken place in some countries. In the IPCC context, reforestation (conversion to forest of land that previously contained forests but has been converted to some other use) is distinguished from afforestation (conversion to forest of land that historically has not contained forests; see Glossary). Past expansion of managed forest area occurred in many world-regions for a variety of reasons, from meeting needs for wood fuel or timber (Vadell et al. 2016 <sup>[[#fn:r591\|591]]</sup> ; Joshi et al. 2011 <sup>[[#fn:r592\|592]]</sup> ; Zaloumis and Bond 2015 <sup>[[#fn:r593\|593]]</sup> ; Payn et al. 2015 <sup>[[#fn:r594\|594]]</sup> ; Shoyama 2008 <sup>[[#fn:r595\|595]]</sup> ; Miyamoto et al. 2011 <sup>[[#fn:r596\|596]]</sup> ) to restoration-driven efforts, with the aim of enhancing ecological function (Filoso et al. 2017 <sup>[[#fn:r597\|597]]</sup> ; Salvati and Carlucci 2014 <sup>[[#fn:r598\|598]]</sup> ; Ogle et al. 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r599\|599]]</sup> ; Crouzeilles et al. 2016 <sup>[[#fn:r600\|600]]</sup> ; FAO 2016 <sup>[[#fn:r601\|601]]</sup> ) (Sections 3.7 and 4.9).

	In many regions, net forest area increase includes deforestation (often of native forests) alongside increasing forest area (often managed forest, but also more natural forest restoration efforts) (Heilmayr et al. 2016 <sup>[[#fn:r602\|602]]</sup> ; Scheidel and Work 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r603\|603]]</sup> ; Hua et al. 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r604\|604]]</sup> ; Crouzeilles et al. 2016 <sup>[[#fn:r605\|605]]</sup> ; Chazdon et al. 2016b <sup>[[#fn:r606\|606]]</sup> ). China and India have seen the largest net forest area increase, aiming to alleviate soil erosion, desertification and overgrazing (Ahrends et al. 2017 <sup>[[#fn:r607\|607]]</sup> ; Cao et al. 2016 <sup>[[#fn:r608\|608]]</sup> ; Deng et al. 2015 <sup>[[#fn:r609\|609]]</sup> ; Chen et al. 2019 <sup>[[#fn:r610\|610]]</sup> ) (Sections 3.7 and 4.9) but uncertainties in exact forest area changes remain large, mostly due to differences in methodology and forest classification (FAO 2015a <sup>[[#fn:r611\|611]]</sup> ; Song et al. 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r612\|612]]</sup> ; Hansen et al. 2013 <sup>[[#fn:r613\|613]]</sup> ; MacDicken et al. 2015 <sup>[[#fn:r614\|614]]</sup> ).		In many regions, net forest area increase includes deforestation (often of native forests) alongside increasing forest area (often managed forest, but also more natural forest restoration efforts) (Heilmayr et al. 2016 <sup>[[#fn:r602\|602]]</sup> ; Scheidel and Work 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r603\|603]]</sup> ; Hua et al. 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r604\|604]]</sup> ; Crouzeilles et al. 2016 <sup>[[#fn:r605\|605]]</sup> ; Chazdon et al. 2016b <sup>[[#fn:r606\|606]]</sup> ). China and India have seen the largest net forest area increase, aiming to alleviate soil erosion, desertification and overgrazing (Ahrends et al. 2017 <sup>[[#fn:r607\|607]]</sup> ; Cao et al. 2016 <sup>[[#fn:r608\|608]]</sup> ; Deng et al. 2015 <sup>[[#fn:r609\|609]]</sup> ; Chen et al. 2019 <sup>[[#fn:r610\|610]]</sup> ) (Sections 3.7 and 4.9) but uncertainties in exact forest area changes remain large, mostly due to differences in methodology and forest classification (FAO 2015a <sup>[[#fn:r611\|611]]</sup> ; Song et al. 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r612\|612]]</sup> ; Hansen et al. 2013 <sup>[[#fn:r613\|613]]</sup> ; MacDicken et al. 2015 <sup>[[#fn:r614\|614]]</sup> ).


	'''What are the implications for ecosystems?'''		'''What are the implications for ecosystems?'''


	''1. Implications for biogeochemical and biophysical processes''		''1. Implications for biogeochemical and biophysical processes''
Line 709:		Line 700:

	Impacts of forest area expansion on biodiversity depend mostly on the vegetation cover that is replaced: afforestation on natural non-tree-dominated ecosystems can have negative impacts on biodiversity (Abreu et al. 2017 <sup>[[#fn:r637\|637]]</sup> ; Griffith et al. 2017 <sup>[[#fn:r638\|638]]</sup> ; Veldman et al. 2015 <sup>[[#fn:r639\|639]]</sup> ; Parr et al. 2014 <sup>[[#fn:r640\|640]]</sup> ; Wilson et al. 2017 <sup>[[#fn:r641\|641]]</sup> ; Hua et al. 2016 <sup>[[#fn:r642\|642]]</sup> ; see also IPCC 1.5° report (2018)). Reforestation with monocultures of fast-growing, non-native trees has little benefit to biodiversity (Shimamoto et al. 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r643\|643]]</sup> ; Hua et al. 2016). There are also concerns regarding some commonly used plantation species (e.g., Acacia and Pinus species) to become invasive (Padmanaba and Corlett 2014 <sup>[[#fn:r644\|644]]</sup> ; Cunningham et al. 2015b <sup>[[#fn:r645\|645]]</sup> ).		Impacts of forest area expansion on biodiversity depend mostly on the vegetation cover that is replaced: afforestation on natural non-tree-dominated ecosystems can have negative impacts on biodiversity (Abreu et al. 2017 <sup>[[#fn:r637\|637]]</sup> ; Griffith et al. 2017 <sup>[[#fn:r638\|638]]</sup> ; Veldman et al. 2015 <sup>[[#fn:r639\|639]]</sup> ; Parr et al. 2014 <sup>[[#fn:r640\|640]]</sup> ; Wilson et al. 2017 <sup>[[#fn:r641\|641]]</sup> ; Hua et al. 2016 <sup>[[#fn:r642\|642]]</sup> ; see also IPCC 1.5° report (2018)). Reforestation with monocultures of fast-growing, non-native trees has little benefit to biodiversity (Shimamoto et al. 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r643\|643]]</sup> ; Hua et al. 2016). There are also concerns regarding some commonly used plantation species (e.g., Acacia and Pinus species) to become invasive (Padmanaba and Corlett 2014 <sup>[[#fn:r644\|644]]</sup> ; Cunningham et al. 2015b <sup>[[#fn:r645\|645]]</sup> ).

	\|}
	~~<!-- END TABLE -->~~

	Reforestation with mixes of native species, especially in areas that retain fragments of native forest, can support ecosystem services and biodiversity recovery, with positive social and environmental co-benefits (Cunningham et al. 2015a <sup>[[#fn:r646\|646]]</sup> ; Dendy et al. 2015 <sup>[[#fn:r647\|647]]</sup> ; Chaudhary and Kastner 2016 <sup>[[#fn:r648\|648]]</sup> ; Huang et al. 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r649\|649]]</sup> ; Locatelli et al. 2015b <sup>[[#fn:r650\|650]]</sup> ) (Section 4.5). Even though species diversity in re-growing forests is typically lower than in primary forests, planting native or mixed species can have positive effects on biodiversity (Brockerhoff et al. 2013 <sup>[[#fn:r651\|651]]</sup> ; Pawson et al. 2013 <sup>[[#fn:r652\|652]]</sup> ; Thompson et al. 2014 <sup>[[#fn:r653\|653]]</sup> ). Reforestation has been shown to improve links among existing remnant forest patches, increasing species movement, and fostering gene flow between otherwise isolated populations (Gilbert-Norton et al. 2010 <sup>[[#fn:r654\|654]]</sup> ; Barlow et al. 2007 <sup>[[#fn:r655\|655]]</sup> ; Lindenmayer and Hobbs 2004 <sup>[[#fn:r656\|656]]</sup> ).		Reforestation with mixes of native species, especially in areas that retain fragments of native forest, can support ecosystem services and biodiversity recovery, with positive social and environmental co-benefits (Cunningham et al. 2015a <sup>[[#fn:r646\|646]]</sup> ; Dendy et al. 2015 <sup>[[#fn:r647\|647]]</sup> ; Chaudhary and Kastner 2016 <sup>[[#fn:r648\|648]]</sup> ; Huang et al. 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r649\|649]]</sup> ; Locatelli et al. 2015b <sup>[[#fn:r650\|650]]</sup> ) (Section 4.5). Even though species diversity in re-growing forests is typically lower than in primary forests, planting native or mixed species can have positive effects on biodiversity (Brockerhoff et al. 2013 <sup>[[#fn:r651\|651]]</sup> ; Pawson et al. 2013 <sup>[[#fn:r652\|652]]</sup> ; Thompson et al. 2014 <sup>[[#fn:r653\|653]]</sup> ). Reforestation has been shown to improve links among existing remnant forest patches, increasing species movement, and fostering gene flow between otherwise isolated populations (Gilbert-Norton et al. 2010 <sup>[[#fn:r654\|654]]</sup> ; Barlow et al. 2007 <sup>[[#fn:r655\|655]]</sup> ; Lindenmayer and Hobbs 2004 <sup>[[#fn:r656\|656]]</sup> ).

Laura: /* CCB2 Implications of large-scale conversion from non-forest to forest land */

2026-05-18T09:55:05Z

CCB2 Implications of large-scale conversion from non-forest to forest land

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:55, 18 May 2026
Line 691:		Line 691:

	In many regions, net forest area increase includes deforestation (often of native forests) alongside increasing forest area (often managed forest, but also more natural forest restoration efforts) (Heilmayr et al. 2016 <sup>[[#fn:r602\|602]]</sup> ; Scheidel and Work 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r603\|603]]</sup> ; Hua et al. 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r604\|604]]</sup> ; Crouzeilles et al. 2016 <sup>[[#fn:r605\|605]]</sup> ; Chazdon et al. 2016b <sup>[[#fn:r606\|606]]</sup> ). China and India have seen the largest net forest area increase, aiming to alleviate soil erosion, desertification and overgrazing (Ahrends et al. 2017 <sup>[[#fn:r607\|607]]</sup> ; Cao et al. 2016 <sup>[[#fn:r608\|608]]</sup> ; Deng et al. 2015 <sup>[[#fn:r609\|609]]</sup> ; Chen et al. 2019 <sup>[[#fn:r610\|610]]</sup> ) (Sections 3.7 and 4.9) but uncertainties in exact forest area changes remain large, mostly due to differences in methodology and forest classification (FAO 2015a <sup>[[#fn:r611\|611]]</sup> ; Song et al. 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r612\|612]]</sup> ; Hansen et al. 2013 <sup>[[#fn:r613\|613]]</sup> ; MacDicken et al. 2015 <sup>[[#fn:r614\|614]]</sup> ).		In many regions, net forest area increase includes deforestation (often of native forests) alongside increasing forest area (often managed forest, but also more natural forest restoration efforts) (Heilmayr et al. 2016 <sup>[[#fn:r602\|602]]</sup> ; Scheidel and Work 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r603\|603]]</sup> ; Hua et al. 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r604\|604]]</sup> ; Crouzeilles et al. 2016 <sup>[[#fn:r605\|605]]</sup> ; Chazdon et al. 2016b <sup>[[#fn:r606\|606]]</sup> ). China and India have seen the largest net forest area increase, aiming to alleviate soil erosion, desertification and overgrazing (Ahrends et al. 2017 <sup>[[#fn:r607\|607]]</sup> ; Cao et al. 2016 <sup>[[#fn:r608\|608]]</sup> ; Deng et al. 2015 <sup>[[#fn:r609\|609]]</sup> ; Chen et al. 2019 <sup>[[#fn:r610\|610]]</sup> ) (Sections 3.7 and 4.9) but uncertainties in exact forest area changes remain large, mostly due to differences in methodology and forest classification (FAO 2015a <sup>[[#fn:r611\|611]]</sup> ; Song et al. 2018 <sup>[[#fn:r612\|612]]</sup> ; Hansen et al. 2013 <sup>[[#fn:r613\|613]]</sup> ; MacDicken et al. 2015 <sup>[[#fn:r614\|614]]</sup> ).


	'''What are the implications for ecosystems?'''		'''What are the implications for ecosystems?'''


	''1. Implications for biogeochemical and biophysical processes''		''1. Implications for biogeochemical and biophysical processes''
Line 814:		Line 816:

	<span id="enabling-the-response"></span>		<span id="enabling-the-response"></span>

	== 1.4 Enabling the response ==		== 1.4 Enabling the response ==

Laura: /* CCB1 Scenarios and other methods to characterise the future of land */

2026-05-18T09:53:39Z

CCB1 Scenarios and other methods to characterise the future of land

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:53, 18 May 2026
Line 539:		Line 539:
	<!-- IMG CAPTION -->		<!-- IMG CAPTION -->
	'''Interactions between land and climate system components and models in scenario analysis. The blue text describes selected model inputs and outputs.'''		'''Interactions between land and climate system components and models in scenario analysis. The blue text describes selected model inputs and outputs.'''

	<!-- IMG FILE -->		<!-- IMG FILE -->
	[[File:6afc4f9f39c608c9b3bf3cbe99b59ea4 C1_Cross-Chapter-Box-Figure-1_Raw.jpg]]		[[File:6afc4f9f39c608c9b3bf3cbe99b59ea4 C1_Cross-Chapter-Box-Figure-1_Raw.jpg]]

Laura: /* CCB1 Scenarios and other methods to characterise the future of land */

2026-05-18T09:52:08Z

CCB1 Scenarios and other methods to characterise the future of land

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:52, 18 May 2026
Line 412:		Line 412:

	<span id="description-of-the-principal-methods-used-in-land-and-climate-futures-analysis."></span>		<span id="description-of-the-principal-methods-used-in-land-and-climate-futures-analysis."></span>
	'''Description of the principal methods used in land and climate futures analysis.''''		'''Description of the principal methods used in land and climate futures analysis.'''

	<!-- TABLE -->		<!-- TABLE -->
Line 575:		Line 575:

	<span id="response-options-to-the-key-challenges"></span>		<span id="response-options-to-the-key-challenges"></span>

	== 1.3 Response options to the key challenges ==		== 1.3 Response options to the key challenges ==

Laura: /* Chapter 1: Framing and Context */

2026-05-14T09:44:35Z

Chapter 1: Framing and Context

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:44, 14 May 2026
Line 183:		Line 183:
	<!-- START IMG -->		<!-- START IMG -->
	<!-- TABLE IMG -->		<!-- TABLE IMG -->
			<!-- IMG TITLE -->
	'''Table 1.1'''		'''Table 1.1'''

Laura: #215 - IMG-TABLE

2026-05-14T09:38:03Z

#215 - IMG-TABLE

Show changes

imported>Design: /* Chapter 1: Framing and Context */

2026-05-12T06:42:29Z

Chapter 1: Framing and Context

Show changes