IPCC:AR6/WGI/TS - Revision history

Laura at 08:33, 22 May 2026

2026-05-22T08:33:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:33, 22 May 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
			{{ChapterNavigation
			\| cover = Cover-WGI.jpg
			\| reporturl = IPCC:AR6/WGI
			\| reporttitle = WGI
			\| prevurl = IPCC:AR6/WGI/SPM
			\| nexturl = IPCC:AR6/WGI/Chapter-1
			}}

	<div id="___gatsby"></div>		<div id="___gatsby"></div>

Laura: Laura moved page IPCC:Wg1:Chapter:Technical-summary to IPCC:AR6/WGI/TS without leaving a redirect

2026-05-18T16:18:47Z

Laura moved page IPCC:Wg1:Chapter:Technical-summary to IPCC:AR6/WGI/TS without leaving a redirect

← Older revision	Revision as of 16:18, 18 May 2026
(No difference)

Laura: /* TS.4.3.2.10 Other Typological Domains */

2026-05-15T12:05:25Z

TS.4.3.2.10 Other Typological Domains

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:05, 15 May 2026
Line 1,633:		Line 1,633:
	<span id="ts.4.3.2.10-other-typological-domains"></span>		<span id="ts.4.3.2.10-other-typological-domains"></span>

	===== ''TS.4.3.2.10~~'' ''~~Other Typological Domains'' =====		===== TS.4.3.2.10 Other Typological Domains =====

	<div id="h4-10-siblings" class="h4-siblings"></div>		<div id="h4-10-siblings" class="h4-siblings"></div>

Laura: /* TS.4.3.2.9 Ocean */

2026-05-15T12:05:13Z

TS.4.3.2.9 Ocean

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:05, 15 May 2026
Line 1,610:		Line 1,610:
	<span id="ts.4.3.2.9-ocean"></span>		<span id="ts.4.3.2.9-ocean"></span>

	===== ''TS.4.3.2.9 Ocean'' =====		===== TS.4.3.2.9 Ocean =====

	<div id="h4-9-siblings" class="h4-siblings"></div>		<div id="h4-9-siblings" class="h4-siblings"></div>
Line 1,632:		Line 1,632:

	<span id="ts.4.3.2.10-other-typological-domains"></span>		<span id="ts.4.3.2.10-other-typological-domains"></span>

	===== ''TS.4.3.2.10'' ''Other Typological Domains'' =====		===== ''TS.4.3.2.10'' ''Other Typological Domains'' =====

Laura: /* TS.4.3.2.8 Polar */

2026-05-15T12:05:01Z

TS.4.3.2.8 Polar

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:05, 15 May 2026
Line 1,589:		Line 1,589:
	<span id="ts.4.3.2.8-polar"></span>		<span id="ts.4.3.2.8-polar"></span>

	===== ''TS.4.3.2.8 Polar'' =====		===== TS.4.3.2.8 Polar =====

	<div id="h4-9-siblings" class="h4-siblings"></div>		<div id="h4-9-siblings" class="h4-siblings"></div>
Line 1,609:		Line 1,609:

	<span id="ts.4.3.2.9-ocean"></span>		<span id="ts.4.3.2.9-ocean"></span>

	===== ''TS.4.3.2.9 Ocean'' =====		===== ''TS.4.3.2.9 Ocean'' =====

Laura: /* TS.4.3.2.7 Small Islands */

2026-05-15T12:04:51Z

TS.4.3.2.7 Small Islands

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:04, 15 May 2026
Line 1,570:		Line 1,570:

	<span id="ts.4.3.2.7-small-islands"></span>		<span id="ts.4.3.2.7-small-islands"></span>
	===== ''TS.4.3.2.7 Small Islands'' =====		===== TS.4.3.2.7 Small Islands =====

	<div id="h4-8-siblings" class="h4-siblings"></div>		<div id="h4-8-siblings" class="h4-siblings"></div>
Line 1,588:		Line 1,588:

	<span id="ts.4.3.2.8-polar"></span>		<span id="ts.4.3.2.8-polar"></span>

	===== ''TS.4.3.2.8 Polar'' =====		===== ''TS.4.3.2.8 Polar'' =====

Laura: /* TS.4.3.2.5 Europe */

2026-05-15T12:04:39Z

TS.4.3.2.5 Europe

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:04, 15 May 2026
Line 1,527:		Line 1,527:

	<span id="ts.4.3.2.5-europe"></span>		<span id="ts.4.3.2.5-europe"></span>
	===== ''TS.4.3.2.5 Europe'' =====		===== TS.4.3.2.5 Europe =====

	<div id="h4-6-siblings" class="h4-siblings"></div>		<div id="h4-6-siblings" class="h4-siblings"></div>
Line 1,547:		Line 1,547:

	<span id="ts.4.3.2.6-north-america"></span>		<span id="ts.4.3.2.6-north-america"></span>

	===== TS.4.3.2.6 North America =====		===== TS.4.3.2.6 North America =====

Laura: #119

2026-05-15T12:04:17Z

#119

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:04, 15 May 2026
Line 1,213:		Line 1,213:
	With continued global warming, it is ''likely'' that global land monsoon precipitation will increase during this century (Box TS.13, Figure 1), particularly in the Northern Hemisphere, although the monsoon circulation is projected to weaken. A slowdown of the tropical circulation with global warming can partly offset the warming-induced strengthening of precipitation in monsoon regions ( ''high confidence'' ). In the near term, global monsoon changes are ''likely'' to be dominated by the effects of internal variability and model uncertainties ( ''medium confidence'' ). In the long term, global monsoon rainfall change will feature a robust north–south asymmetry characterized by a greater increase in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere and an east–west asymmetry characterized by enhanced Asian–African monsoons and a weakened North American monsoon ( ''medium confidence'' ). Links to chapters 4.4.1, 4.5.1, 8.4.1		With continued global warming, it is ''likely'' that global land monsoon precipitation will increase during this century (Box TS.13, Figure 1), particularly in the Northern Hemisphere, although the monsoon circulation is projected to weaken. A slowdown of the tropical circulation with global warming can partly offset the warming-induced strengthening of precipitation in monsoon regions ( ''high confidence'' ). In the near term, global monsoon changes are ''likely'' to be dominated by the effects of internal variability and model uncertainties ( ''medium confidence'' ). In the long term, global monsoon rainfall change will feature a robust north–south asymmetry characterized by a greater increase in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere and an east–west asymmetry characterized by enhanced Asian–African monsoons and a weakened North American monsoon ( ''medium confidence'' ). Links to chapters 4.4.1, 4.5.1, 8.4.1

	~~'''~~'''Regional Monsoons'''~~'''~~		'''Regional Monsoons'''

	Paleoclimate reconstructions indicate stronger monsoons in the Northern Hemisphere but weaker ones in the Southern Hemisphere during warm periods, particularly for the South and South East Asian, East Asian, and North and South American monsoons, with the opposite occurring during cold periods ( ''medium confidence'' ). It is ''very likely'' that Northern Hemispheric anthropogenic aerosols weakened the regional monsoon circulations in South Asia, East Asia and West Africa during the second half of the 20th century, thereby offsetting the expected strengthening of monsoon precipitation in response to GHG-induced warming (Box TS.13, Figure 1). Multiple lines of evidence explain this contrast over South Asia, with the observed trends dominated by the effects of aerosols, while future projections are mostly driven by GHG increases. The recent partial recovery and enhanced intensity of monsoon precipitation over West Africa is related to the growing influence of GHGs with an additional contribution due to the reduced cooling effect of anthropogenic aerosols, emitted largely from North America and Europe ( ''medium confidence'' ). For other regional monsoons, that is, North and South America and Australia, there is ''low confidence'' in the attribution of recent changes in precipitation (Box TS.13, Figure 1) and winds. Links to chapters 2.3.1, 8.3.1, 8.3.2, Box 8.1, 10.6.3		Paleoclimate reconstructions indicate stronger monsoons in the Northern Hemisphere but weaker ones in the Southern Hemisphere during warm periods, particularly for the South and South East Asian, East Asian, and North and South American monsoons, with the opposite occurring during cold periods ( ''medium confidence'' ). It is ''very likely'' that Northern Hemispheric anthropogenic aerosols weakened the regional monsoon circulations in South Asia, East Asia and West Africa during the second half of the 20th century, thereby offsetting the expected strengthening of monsoon precipitation in response to GHG-induced warming (Box TS.13, Figure 1). Multiple lines of evidence explain this contrast over South Asia, with the observed trends dominated by the effects of aerosols, while future projections are mostly driven by GHG increases. The recent partial recovery and enhanced intensity of monsoon precipitation over West Africa is related to the growing influence of GHGs with an additional contribution due to the reduced cooling effect of anthropogenic aerosols, emitted largely from North America and Europe ( ''medium confidence'' ). For other regional monsoons, that is, North and South America and Australia, there is ''low confidence'' in the attribution of recent changes in precipitation (Box TS.13, Figure 1) and winds. Links to chapters 2.3.1, 8.3.1, 8.3.2, Box 8.1, 10.6.3

Laura: /* Technical Summary */

2026-05-13T14:06:57Z

Technical Summary

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:06, 13 May 2026
Line 8:		Line 8:
	<div id="chapter-authors"></div>		<div id="chapter-authors"></div>

	Coordinating Authors:		'''Coordinating Authors:'''

	Paola A. Arias (Colombia), Nicolas Bellouin (United Kingdom/France), Erika Coppola (Italy), Richard G. Jones (United Kingdom), Gerhard Krinner (France/Germany, France), Jochem Marotzke (Germany), Vaishali Naik (United States of America), Matthew D. Palmer (United Kingdom), Gian-Kasper Plattner (Switzerland), Joeri Rogelj (United Kingdom/Belgium), Maisa Rojas (Chile), Jana Sillmann (Norway/Germany), Trude Storelvmo (Norway), Peter W. Thorne (Ireland/United Kingdom), Blair Trewin (Australia)		Paola A. Arias (Colombia), Nicolas Bellouin (United Kingdom/France), Erika Coppola (Italy), Richard G. Jones (United Kingdom), Gerhard Krinner (France/Germany, France), Jochem Marotzke (Germany), Vaishali Naik (United States of America), Matthew D. Palmer (United Kingdom), Gian-Kasper Plattner (Switzerland), Joeri Rogelj (United Kingdom/Belgium), Maisa Rojas (Chile), Jana Sillmann (Norway/Germany), Trude Storelvmo (Norway), Peter W. Thorne (Ireland/United Kingdom), Blair Trewin (Australia)

	Authors:		'''Authors:'''

	Krishna Achuta Rao (India), Bhupesh Adhikary (Nepal), Richard P. Allan (United Kingdom), Kyle Armour (United States of America), Govindasamy Bala (India/United States of America), Rondrotiana Barimalala (South Africa/Madagascar), Sophie Berger (France/Belgium), Josep G. Canadell (Australia), Christophe Cassou (France), Annalisa Cherchi (Italy), William Collins (United Kingdom), William D. Collins (United States of America), Sarah L. Connors (France/United Kingdom), Susanna Corti (Italy), Faye Cruz (Philippines), Frank J. Dentener (EU/The Netherlands), Claudine Dereczynski (Brazil), Alejandro Di Luca (Australia, Canada/Argentina), Aida Diongue Niang (Senegal), Francisco J. Doblas-Reyes (Spain), Alessandro Dosio (Italy), Hervé Douville (France), François Engelbrecht (South Africa), Veronika Eyring (Germany), Erich Fischer (Switzerland), Piers Forster (United Kingdom), Baylor Fox-Kemper (United States of America), Jan S. Fuglestvedt (Norway), John C. Fyfe (Canada), Nathan P. Gillett (Canada), Leah Goldfarb (France/United States of America), Irina Gorodetskaya (Portugal/Russian Federation, Belgium), Jose Manuel Gutierrez (Spain), Rafiq Hamdi (Belgium), Ed Hawkins (United Kingdom), Helene T. Hewitt (United Kingdom), Pandora Hope (Australia), AKM Saiful Islam (Bangladesh), Christopher Jones (United Kingdom), Darrell S. Kaufman (United States of America), Robert E. Kopp (United States of America), Yu Kosaka (Japan), James Kossin (United States of America), Svitlana Krakovska (Ukraine), June-Yi Lee (Republic of Korea), Jian Li (China), Thorsten Mauritsen (Sweden, Denmark), Thomas K. Maycock (United States of America), Malte Meinshausen (Australia/Germany), Seung-Ki Min (Republic of Korea), Pedro M. S. Monteiro (South Africa), Thanh Ngo-Duc (Vietnam), Friederike Otto (United Kingdom/Germany), Izidine Pinto (South Africa/Mozambique), Anna Pirani (Italy), Krishnan Raghavan (India), Roshanka Ranasinghe (The Netherlands/Sri Lanka, Australia), Alex C. Ruane (United States of America), Lucas Ruiz (Argentina), Jean-Baptiste Sallée (France), Bjørn H. Samset (Norway), Shubha Sathyendranath (UK/Canada, United Kingdom, Overseas Citizen of India), Sonia I. Seneviratne (Switzerland), Anna A. Sörensson (Argentina), Sophie Szopa (France), Izuru Takayabu (Japan), Anne-Marie Treguier (France), Bart van den Hurk (The Netherlands), Robert Vautard (France), Karina von Schuckmann (France/Germany), Sönke Zaehle (Germany), Xuebin Zhang (Canada), Kirsten Zickfeld (Canada/Germany)		Krishna Achuta Rao (India), Bhupesh Adhikary (Nepal), Richard P. Allan (United Kingdom), Kyle Armour (United States of America), Govindasamy Bala (India/United States of America), Rondrotiana Barimalala (South Africa/Madagascar), Sophie Berger (France/Belgium), Josep G. Canadell (Australia), Christophe Cassou (France), Annalisa Cherchi (Italy), William Collins (United Kingdom), William D. Collins (United States of America), Sarah L. Connors (France/United Kingdom), Susanna Corti (Italy), Faye Cruz (Philippines), Frank J. Dentener (EU/The Netherlands), Claudine Dereczynski (Brazil), Alejandro Di Luca (Australia, Canada/Argentina), Aida Diongue Niang (Senegal), Francisco J. Doblas-Reyes (Spain), Alessandro Dosio (Italy), Hervé Douville (France), François Engelbrecht (South Africa), Veronika Eyring (Germany), Erich Fischer (Switzerland), Piers Forster (United Kingdom), Baylor Fox-Kemper (United States of America), Jan S. Fuglestvedt (Norway), John C. Fyfe (Canada), Nathan P. Gillett (Canada), Leah Goldfarb (France/United States of America), Irina Gorodetskaya (Portugal/Russian Federation, Belgium), Jose Manuel Gutierrez (Spain), Rafiq Hamdi (Belgium), Ed Hawkins (United Kingdom), Helene T. Hewitt (United Kingdom), Pandora Hope (Australia), AKM Saiful Islam (Bangladesh), Christopher Jones (United Kingdom), Darrell S. Kaufman (United States of America), Robert E. Kopp (United States of America), Yu Kosaka (Japan), James Kossin (United States of America), Svitlana Krakovska (Ukraine), June-Yi Lee (Republic of Korea), Jian Li (China), Thorsten Mauritsen (Sweden, Denmark), Thomas K. Maycock (United States of America), Malte Meinshausen (Australia/Germany), Seung-Ki Min (Republic of Korea), Pedro M. S. Monteiro (South Africa), Thanh Ngo-Duc (Vietnam), Friederike Otto (United Kingdom/Germany), Izidine Pinto (South Africa/Mozambique), Anna Pirani (Italy), Krishnan Raghavan (India), Roshanka Ranasinghe (The Netherlands/Sri Lanka, Australia), Alex C. Ruane (United States of America), Lucas Ruiz (Argentina), Jean-Baptiste Sallée (France), Bjørn H. Samset (Norway), Shubha Sathyendranath (UK/Canada, United Kingdom, Overseas Citizen of India), Sonia I. Seneviratne (Switzerland), Anna A. Sörensson (Argentina), Sophie Szopa (France), Izuru Takayabu (Japan), Anne-Marie Treguier (France), Bart van den Hurk (The Netherlands), Robert Vautard (France), Karina von Schuckmann (France/Germany), Sönke Zaehle (Germany), Xuebin Zhang (Canada), Kirsten Zickfeld (Canada/Germany)

	Contributing Authors:		'''Contributing Authors:'''

	Guðfinna Aðalgeirsdóttir (Iceland), Lincoln M. Alves (Brazil), Terje Berntsen (Norway), Sara M. Blichner (Norway), Lisa Bock (Germany), Gregory G. Garner (United States of America), Joelle Gergis (Australia), Sergey K. Gulev (Russian Federation), Mathias Hauser (Switzerland), Flavio Lehner (United States of America/Switzerland), Chao Li (China), Marianne T. Lund (Norway), Daniel J. Lunt (United Kingdom), Sebastian Milinski (Germany), Gemma Teresa Narisma (Philippines), Zebedee R. J. Nicholls (Australia), Dirk Notz (Germany), Sophie Nowicki (United States of America/France, United States of America), Bette Otto-Bliesner (United States of America), Brodie Pearson (United States of America/United Kingdom), Adam S. Phillips (United States of America), James Renwick (New Zealand), Stéphane Sénési (France), Lucas Silva (Portugal/Switzerland), Aimee B. A. Slangen (The Netherlands), Thomas F. Stocker (Switzerland), Claudia Tebaldi (United States of America), Laurent Terray (France), Sabin Thazhe Purayil (India), Andrew Turner (United Kingdom), Steven Turnock (United Kingdom), Carolina Vera (Argentina), Cunde Xiao (China), Panmao Zhai (China)		Guðfinna Aðalgeirsdóttir (Iceland), Lincoln M. Alves (Brazil), Terje Berntsen (Norway), Sara M. Blichner (Norway), Lisa Bock (Germany), Gregory G. Garner (United States of America), Joelle Gergis (Australia), Sergey K. Gulev (Russian Federation), Mathias Hauser (Switzerland), Flavio Lehner (United States of America/Switzerland), Chao Li (China), Marianne T. Lund (Norway), Daniel J. Lunt (United Kingdom), Sebastian Milinski (Germany), Gemma Teresa Narisma (Philippines), Zebedee R. J. Nicholls (Australia), Dirk Notz (Germany), Sophie Nowicki (United States of America/France, United States of America), Bette Otto-Bliesner (United States of America), Brodie Pearson (United States of America/United Kingdom), Adam S. Phillips (United States of America), James Renwick (New Zealand), Stéphane Sénési (France), Lucas Silva (Portugal/Switzerland), Aimee B. A. Slangen (The Netherlands), Thomas F. Stocker (Switzerland), Claudia Tebaldi (United States of America), Laurent Terray (France), Sabin Thazhe Purayil (India), Andrew Turner (United Kingdom), Steven Turnock (United Kingdom), Carolina Vera (Argentina), Cunde Xiao (China), Panmao Zhai (China)

	Review Editors:		'''Review Editors:'''

	Valérie Masson-Delmotte (France), Gregory M. Flato (Canada), Noureddine Yassa (Algeria)		Valérie Masson-Delmotte (France), Gregory M. Flato (Canada), Noureddine Yassa (Algeria)
Line 26:		Line 26:
	<div id="chapter-citation"></div>		<div id="chapter-citation"></div>

	This Technical Summary should be cited as:		'''This Technical Summary should be cited as:'''

	Arias, P.A., N. Bellouin, E. Coppola, R.G. Jones, G. Krinner, J. Marotzke, V. Naik, M.D. Palmer, G.-K. Plattner, J. Rogelj, M. Rojas, J. Sillmann, T. Storelvmo, P.W. Thorne, B. Trewin, K. Achuta Rao, B. Adhikary, R.P. Allan, K. Armour, G. Bala, R. Barimalala, S. Berger, J.G. Canadell, C. Cassou, A. Cherchi, W. Collins, W.D. Collins, S.L. Connors, S. Corti, F. Cruz, F.J. Dentener, C. Dereczynski, A. Di Luca, A. Diongue Niang, F.J. Doblas-Reyes, A. Dosio, H. Douville, F. Engelbrecht, V. Eyring, E. Fischer, P. Forster, B. Fox-Kemper, J.S. Fuglestvedt, J.C. Fyfe, N.P. Gillett, L. Goldfarb, I. Gorodetskaya, J.M. Gutierrez, R. Hamdi, E. Hawkins, H.T. Hewitt, P. Hope, A.S. Islam, C. Jones, D.S. Kaufman, R.E. Kopp, Y. Kosaka, J. Kossin, S. Krakovska, J.-Y. Lee, J. Li, T. Mauritsen, T.K. Maycock, M. Meinshausen, S.-K. Min, P.M.S. Monteiro, T. Ngo-Duc, F. Otto, I. Pinto, A. Pirani, K. Raghavan, R. Ranasinghe, A.C. Ruane, L. Ruiz, J.-B. Sallée, B.H. Samset, S. Sathyendranath, S.I. Seneviratne, A.A. Sörensson, S. Szopa, I. Takayabu, A.-M. Tréguier, B. van den Hurk, R. Vautard, K. von Schuckmann, S. Zaehle, X. Zhang, and K. Zickfeld, 2021: Technical Summary. In ''Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change'' [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 33−144. doi: [https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157896.002 10.1017/9781009157896.002] .		Arias, P.A., N. Bellouin, E. Coppola, R.G. Jones, G. Krinner, J. Marotzke, V. Naik, M.D. Palmer, G.-K. Plattner, J. Rogelj, M. Rojas, J. Sillmann, T. Storelvmo, P.W. Thorne, B. Trewin, K. Achuta Rao, B. Adhikary, R.P. Allan, K. Armour, G. Bala, R. Barimalala, S. Berger, J.G. Canadell, C. Cassou, A. Cherchi, W. Collins, W.D. Collins, S.L. Connors, S. Corti, F. Cruz, F.J. Dentener, C. Dereczynski, A. Di Luca, A. Diongue Niang, F.J. Doblas-Reyes, A. Dosio, H. Douville, F. Engelbrecht, V. Eyring, E. Fischer, P. Forster, B. Fox-Kemper, J.S. Fuglestvedt, J.C. Fyfe, N.P. Gillett, L. Goldfarb, I. Gorodetskaya, J.M. Gutierrez, R. Hamdi, E. Hawkins, H.T. Hewitt, P. Hope, A.S. Islam, C. Jones, D.S. Kaufman, R.E. Kopp, Y. Kosaka, J. Kossin, S. Krakovska, J.-Y. Lee, J. Li, T. Mauritsen, T.K. Maycock, M. Meinshausen, S.-K. Min, P.M.S. Monteiro, T. Ngo-Duc, F. Otto, I. Pinto, A. Pirani, K. Raghavan, R. Ranasinghe, A.C. Ruane, L. Ruiz, J.-B. Sallée, B.H. Samset, S. Sathyendranath, S.I. Seneviratne, A.A. Sörensson, S. Szopa, I. Takayabu, A.-M. Tréguier, B. van den Hurk, R. Vautard, K. von Schuckmann, S. Zaehle, X. Zhang, and K. Zickfeld, 2021: Technical Summary. In ''Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change'' [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 33−144. doi: [https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157896.002 10.1017/9781009157896.002] .

imported>Design: /* Technical Summary */

2026-05-11T07:33:09Z

Technical Summary

Show changes