IPCC:AR6/WGIII/Chapter-5 - Revision history

Laura at 08:54, 22 May 2026

2026-05-22T08:54:37Z

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			{{ChapterNavigation
			\| cover = Cover-WGIII.jpg
			\| reporturl = IPCC:AR6/WGIII
			\| reporttitle = WGIII
			\| prevurl = IPCC:AR6/WGIII/Chapter-4
			\| nexturl = IPCC:AR6/WGIII/Chapter-6
			}}

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Laura: Laura moved page IPCC:Wg3:Chapter:Chapter-5 to IPCC:AR6/WGIII/Chapter-5 without leaving a redirect

2026-05-18T18:32:51Z

Laura moved page IPCC:Wg3:Chapter:Chapter-5 to IPCC:AR6/WGIII/Chapter-5 without leaving a redirect

← Older revision	Revision as of 18:32, 18 May 2026
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Laura: #119

2026-05-18T06:16:13Z

#119

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:16, 18 May 2026
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	[[File:9e074fcb0dda11fd83af4f575ed77e6d IPCC_AR6_WGIII_Box_5_1_Figure_1.png]]		[[File:9e074fcb0dda11fd83af4f575ed77e6d IPCC_AR6_WGIII_Box_5_1_Figure_1.png]]

	~~'''~~'''Box 5.1, Figure 1 \| Map of the literature on demand, services and socialaspects of climate change mitigation.~~'''~~''' Dots show document positions obtained by reducing the 60-dimensional topic scores to two dimensions aiming to preserve similarity in overall topic score. The two axes therefore have no direct interpretation but represent a reduced version of similarities between documents across 60 topics. Documents are coloured by query category. Topic labels of the 24 most relevant topics are placed in the centre of each of the large clusters of documents associated with each topic. % value in caption indicates the proportion of studies in each ‘relevance’ bracket. Source: reused with permission from Creutzig et al. ( 2021a).		'''Box 5.1, Figure 1 \| Map of the literature on demand, services and socialaspects of climate change mitigation.''' Dots show document positions obtained by reducing the 60-dimensional topic scores to two dimensions aiming to preserve similarity in overall topic score. The two axes therefore have no direct interpretation but represent a reduced version of similarities between documents across 60 topics. Documents are coloured by query category. Topic labels of the 24 most relevant topics are placed in the centre of each of the large clusters of documents associated with each topic. % value in caption indicates the proportion of studies in each ‘relevance’ bracket. Source: reused with permission from Creutzig et al. ( 2021a).

	A large part of the literature is highly repetitive and/or includes no concepts or little quantitative or qualitative data of relevance to this chapter. For example, a systematic review on economic growth and decoupling identified more than 11,500 papers treating this topic, but only 834 of those, that is, 7%, included relevant data ( [[#Wiedenhofer--2020\|Wiedenhofer et al. 2020]] ). In another systematic review, assessing quantitative estimates of consumption-based solutions ( [[#Ivanova--2020\|Ivanova et al. 2020]] ), only 0.8% of papers were considered after consistency criteria were enforced. Altogether, we relied on systematic reviews wherever possible. Other important papers were not captured by systematic reviews but are included in this chapter through expert judgement. Based on topical modelling and relevance coding of resulting topics, the full literature body can be mapped into two dimensions, where spatial relationships indicate topical distance (Box 5.1, Figure 1). The interpretation of topics demonstrates that the literature organises in four clusters of high relevance for demand-side solutions (housing, mobility, food, and policy), whereas other clusters (nature, energy supply) are relatively less relevant.		A large part of the literature is highly repetitive and/or includes no concepts or little quantitative or qualitative data of relevance to this chapter. For example, a systematic review on economic growth and decoupling identified more than 11,500 papers treating this topic, but only 834 of those, that is, 7%, included relevant data ( [[#Wiedenhofer--2020\|Wiedenhofer et al. 2020]] ). In another systematic review, assessing quantitative estimates of consumption-based solutions ( [[#Ivanova--2020\|Ivanova et al. 2020]] ), only 0.8% of papers were considered after consistency criteria were enforced. Altogether, we relied on systematic reviews wherever possible. Other important papers were not captured by systematic reviews but are included in this chapter through expert judgement. Based on topical modelling and relevance coding of resulting topics, the full literature body can be mapped into two dimensions, where spatial relationships indicate topical distance (Box 5.1, Figure 1). The interpretation of topics demonstrates that the literature organises in four clusters of high relevance for demand-side solutions (housing, mobility, food, and policy), whereas other clusters (nature, energy supply) are relatively less relevant.
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	[[File:725e60c55314112dba5f6a4bc5191da5 IPCC_AR6_WGIII_Box_5_3_Figure_1.png]]		[[File:725e60c55314112dba5f6a4bc5191da5 IPCC_AR6_WGIII_Box_5_3_Figure_1.png]]
	~~'''~~'''Box 5.3, Figure 1 \| International inequality in access and use of goods and services.~~'''~~''' '''Upper panel:''' International Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients accounting for the share of population living in households without access (origin of the curves on the y-axis), multiple ownership not considered. '''Lower panel:''' Gini, number of people without access, access rates and coverage in terms of share of global population and number of countries included. *Reduced samples lead to underestimation of inequality. A sample, for example, of around 80% of world population (taking the same 43 countries as for mobiles and cars) led to a lower Gini of around 0.48 (–0.04) for electricity. The reduced sample was kept for mobiles in 2018 to allow for comparability with 2000. Source: [[#Zimm--2019\|Zimm (2019)]] .
			'''Box 5.3, Figure 1 \| International inequality in access and use of goods and services.''' '''Upper panel:''' International Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients accounting for the share of population living in households without access (origin of the curves on the y-axis), multiple ownership not considered. '''Lower panel:''' Gini, number of people without access, access rates and coverage in terms of share of global population and number of countries included. *Reduced samples lead to underestimation of inequality. A sample, for example, of around 80% of world population (taking the same 43 countries as for mobiles and cars) led to a lower Gini of around 0.48 (–0.04) for electricity. The reduced sample was kept for mobiles in 2018 to allow for comparability with 2000. Source: [[#Zimm--2019\|Zimm (2019)]] .

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	Better understanding is required on: (i) more detailed causal mechanisms in the mutual interactions between individual, social, and structural drivers of change and how these vary over time, that is, what is their relative importance in different transition phases; (ii) how narratives associated with specific technologies, group identities, and climate change influence each other and interact over time to enable and constrain mitigation outcomes; (iii) how social media influences the development and impacts of narratives about low-carbon transitions; (iv) the effects of social movements (for climate justice, youth climate activism, fossil fuel divestment, and climate action more generally) on social norms and political change, especially in less developed countries; (v) how existing provisioning systems and social practices destabilise through the weakening of various lock-in mechanisms, and resulting deliberate strategies for accelerating demand-side transitions; (vi) a dynamic understanding of feasibility, which addresses the dynamic mechanisms that lower barriers or drive mitigation options over the barriers; (vii) how shocks like prolonged pandemic impact willingness and capacity to change and their permanency for various social actors and country contexts. The debate on the most powerful leverage points and policies for speeding up change in social and technological systems need to be resolved with more evidence. Discussion on the policy interdependence and implications of end-user and efficiency focused strategies have only just started suggesting an important area for future research.		Better understanding is required on: (i) more detailed causal mechanisms in the mutual interactions between individual, social, and structural drivers of change and how these vary over time, that is, what is their relative importance in different transition phases; (ii) how narratives associated with specific technologies, group identities, and climate change influence each other and interact over time to enable and constrain mitigation outcomes; (iii) how social media influences the development and impacts of narratives about low-carbon transitions; (iv) the effects of social movements (for climate justice, youth climate activism, fossil fuel divestment, and climate action more generally) on social norms and political change, especially in less developed countries; (v) how existing provisioning systems and social practices destabilise through the weakening of various lock-in mechanisms, and resulting deliberate strategies for accelerating demand-side transitions; (vi) a dynamic understanding of feasibility, which addresses the dynamic mechanisms that lower barriers or drive mitigation options over the barriers; (vii) how shocks like prolonged pandemic impact willingness and capacity to change and their permanency for various social actors and country contexts. The debate on the most powerful leverage points and policies for speeding up change in social and technological systems need to be resolved with more evidence. Discussion on the policy interdependence and implications of end-user and efficiency focused strategies have only just started suggesting an important area for future research.

	'''Table 5.7 \| Examples of policies to enable~~''' '''‘''' '''Improve''' '''’''' '''~~options'''		'''Table 5.7 \| Examples of policies to enable ‘Improve’ options'''

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"

Laura: /* Chapter 5: Demand, services and social aspects of mitigation */

2026-05-13T14:37:51Z

Chapter 5: Demand, services and social aspects of mitigation

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:37, 13 May 2026
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	<div id="chapter-authors"></div>		<div id="chapter-authors"></div>

	Coordinating Lead Authors:		'''Coordinating Lead Authors:'''

	Felix Creutzig (Germany), Joyashree Roy (India/Thailand)		Felix Creutzig (Germany), Joyashree Roy (India/Thailand)

	Lead Authors:		'''Lead Authors:'''

	Patrick Devine-Wright (United Kingdom/Ireland), Julio Díaz-José (Mexico), Frank W. Geels (United Kingdom/the Netherlands), Arnulf Grubler (Austria), Nadia Maïzi (France/Algeria), Eric Masanet (the United States of America), Yacob Mulugetta (Ethiopia/United Kingdom), Chioma Daisy Onyige (Nigeria), Patricia E. Perkins (Canada), Alessandro Sanches-Pereira (Brazil), Elke Ursula Weber (the United States of America)		Patrick Devine-Wright (United Kingdom/Ireland), Julio Díaz-José (Mexico), Frank W. Geels (United Kingdom/the Netherlands), Arnulf Grubler (Austria), Nadia Maïzi (France/Algeria), Eric Masanet (the United States of America), Yacob Mulugetta (Ethiopia/United Kingdom), Chioma Daisy Onyige (Nigeria), Patricia E. Perkins (Canada), Alessandro Sanches-Pereira (Brazil), Elke Ursula Weber (the United States of America)

	Contributing Authors:		'''Contributing Authors:'''

	Jordana Composto (the United States of America), Anteneh Getnet Dagnachew (the Netherlands/Ethiopia), Nandini Das (India), Robert Frank (the United States of America), Bipashyee Ghosh (India/United Kingdom), Niko Heeren (Switzerland/Norway), Linus Mattauch (Germany/United Kingdom), Josephine Mylan (United Kingdom), Gregory F. Nemet (the United States of America/Canada), Mani Nepal (Nepal), Leila Niamir (Iran/Germany), Nick Pidgeon (United Kingdom), Narasimha D. Rao (the United States of America), Lucia A. Reisch (United Kingdom), Julia Steinberger (Switzerland/United Kingdom), Linda Steg (the Netherlands), Cass R. Sunstein (the United States of America), Charlie Wilson (United Kingdom), Caroline Zimm (Austria)		Jordana Composto (the United States of America), Anteneh Getnet Dagnachew (the Netherlands/Ethiopia), Nandini Das (India), Robert Frank (the United States of America), Bipashyee Ghosh (India/United Kingdom), Niko Heeren (Switzerland/Norway), Linus Mattauch (Germany/United Kingdom), Josephine Mylan (United Kingdom), Gregory F. Nemet (the United States of America/Canada), Mani Nepal (Nepal), Leila Niamir (Iran/Germany), Nick Pidgeon (United Kingdom), Narasimha D. Rao (the United States of America), Lucia A. Reisch (United Kingdom), Julia Steinberger (Switzerland/United Kingdom), Linda Steg (the Netherlands), Cass R. Sunstein (the United States of America), Charlie Wilson (United Kingdom), Caroline Zimm (Austria)

	Review Editors:		'''Review Editors:'''

	Nicholas Eyre (United Kingdom), Can Wang (China)		Nicholas Eyre (United Kingdom), Can Wang (China)

	Chapter Scientists:		'''Chapter Scientists:'''

	Nandini Das (India), Leila Niamir (Iran/Germany)		Nandini Das (India), Leila Niamir (Iran/Germany)
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	<div id="chapter-citation"></div>		<div id="chapter-citation"></div>

	This chapter should be cited as:		'''This chapter should be cited as:'''

	Creutzig, F., J. Roy, P. Devine-Wright, J. Díaz-José, F.W. Geels, A. Grubler, N. Maïzi, E. Masanet, Y. Mulugetta, C.D. Onyige, P.E. Perkins, A. Sanches-Pereira, E.U. Weber, 2022: Demand, services and social aspects of mitigation. In IPCC, 2022: Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [P.R. Shukla, J. Skea, R. Slade, A. Al Khourdajie, R. van Diemen, D. McCollum, M. Pathak, S. Some, P. Vyas, R. Fradera, M. Belkacemi, A. Hasija, G. Lisboa, S. Luz, J. Malley, (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA. doi: 10.1017/9781009157926.007.		Creutzig, F., J. Roy, P. Devine-Wright, J. Díaz-José, F.W. Geels, A. Grubler, N. Maïzi, E. Masanet, Y. Mulugetta, C.D. Onyige, P.E. Perkins, A. Sanches-Pereira, E.U. Weber, 2022: Demand, services and social aspects of mitigation. In IPCC, 2022: Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [P.R. Shukla, J. Skea, R. Slade, A. Al Khourdajie, R. van Diemen, D. McCollum, M. Pathak, S. Some, P. Vyas, R. Fradera, M. Belkacemi, A. Hasija, G. Lisboa, S. Luz, J. Malley, (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA. doi: 10.1017/9781009157926.007.

imported>Design: /* Box 5.11 | Carbon Pricing and Fairness */

2026-05-11T09:29:31Z

Box 5.11 | Carbon Pricing and Fairness

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