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{{GlossaryTerms
{{GlossaryTerms
| glossary_page = IPCC:AR6/Data/Glossary
| glossary_page = IPCC:AR6/Data/Glossary
| terms = 1.5°C warmer worlds, 13C, 14C, Ablation, Abrupt change, Abrupt climate change, Accumulation, Active layer, Adaptation, Adaptation options, Adaptive capacity, Added value, Adjustments, Advection, Aerosol, Aerosol–cloud interaction, Aerosol effective radiative forcing, Aerosol optical depth, Aerosol–radiation interaction, Afforestation, Agreement, Agricultural and ecological drought, Air mass, Air pollution, Airborne fraction, Albedo, Alkalinity, Altimetry, Annular modes, Anomaly, Antarctic Ice Sheet, Anthropocene, Anthropogenic, Anthropogenic emissions, Anthropogenic removals, Anthropogenic subsidence, Apparent hydrological sensitivity, Arctic oscillation, Arid zone, Aridity, Artificial ocean upwelling, Assets, Atlantic Meridional Mode, Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation, Atlantic Multi-decadal Variability, Atlantic Zonal Mode, Atmosphere, Atmospheric boundary layer, Atmospheric rivers, Attribution, Australian and Maritime Continent monsoon, Autotrophic respiration, Avalanche, Basal lubrication, Baseline period, Baseline/reference, Baseline scenario, Benthic, Biodiversity, Bioenergy with carbon dioxide capture and storage, Biogenic volatile organic compounds, Biogeophysical potential, Biological pump, Biomass, Biosphere, Bipolar seesaw, Black carbon, Blocking, Blue carbon, Brewer–Dobson circulation, Burden, Business as usual, CO2 equivalent emission, Calcification, Calving, Canopy temperature, Carbon–climate feedback, Carbon cycle, Carbon dioxide, Carbon dioxide fertilisation, Carbon dioxide capture and storage, Carbon dioxide removal, Carbon feedback, Carbon neutrality, Carbon sequestration, Carbonaceous aerosol, Carbonate pump, Catchment, Cenozoic Era, Central Pacific El Niño, Chaotic, Charcoal, Chlorofluorocarbons, Chronology, Cirrus cloud thinning, Clathrate, Clausius–Clapeyron equation/relationship, Climate, Climate–carbon cycle feedback, Climate change commitment, Climate extreme, Climate feedback, Climate feedback parameter, Climate forecast, Climate index, Climate indicator, Climate information, Climate metrics, Climate model, Climate pattern, Climate prediction, Climate projection, Climate response, Climate sensitivity, Climate services, Climate simulation ensemble, Climate system, Climate threshold, Climate variability, Climate velocity, Climatic impact-driver, Cloud condensation nuclei, Cloud feedback, Cloud radiative effect, Cloud-resolving models, Coast, Cold days/cold nights, Common era, Compatible emissions, Compound weather/climate events, Concentrations scenario, Confidence, Constant composition commitment, Constant emissions commitment, Convection, Coral bleaching, Coral reef, Cosmogenic radioisotopes, Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Cryosphere, Cumulative emissions, Dansgaard-Oeschger events, Data assimilation, Dead zones, Decadal predictability, Decadal prediction, Decadal variability, Deep uncertainty, Deforestation, Deglacial or deglaciation or glacial termination, Detection, Detection and attribution, Diatoms, Dimensions of integration, Direct air capture, Direct emissions, Disaster, Discharge, Dissolved inorganic carbon, Diurnal temperature range, Dobson unit, Downscaling, Drought, Dynamic global vegetation model, Dynamical system, Early Eocene Climatic Optimum, Earth’s energy budget, Earth's energy flows, Earth's energy imbalance, Earth's radiative response, Earth system feedbacks, Earth system model, Earth system model of intermediate complexity, Earth system sensitivity, East Asian monsoon, Eastern Pacific El Niño, Eastern boundary upwelling systems, Economic potential, Ecosystem, Effective equilibrium climate sensitivity, Effective radiative forcing due to aerosol–cloud interactions, Effective radiative forcing due to aerosol–radiation interactions, Ekman transport, El Niño–Southern Oscillation, Electromagnetic spectrum, Elevation-dependent warming, Emergence, Emergent constraint, Emission factor/Emissions intensity, Emission pathways, Emissions scenario, Emulation, Emulators, Energy balance, Energy balance model, Energy budget, Enhanced weathering, Ensemble, Equilibrium and transient climate experiment, Equilibrium climate sensitivity, Equilibrium line, Equivalent carbon dioxide emission, Eutrophication, Evaporation, Evapotranspiration, Evidence, Exposure, Extended concentration pathways, External forcing, Extratropical cyclone, Extratropical jets, Extreme climate event, Extreme/heavy precipitation event, Extreme sea level, Extreme weather event, Faculae, Fine-mode aerosol optical depth, Fingerprint, Fire weather, Firn, Fitness-for-purpose, Flaring, Flood, Flux, Foraminifera, Forcing, Forest, Fossil fuel emissions, Fossil fuels, Free atmosphere, Frozen ground, General circulation, General circulation model, Geocentric sea level change, Geoid, Geostrophic winds or currents, Glacial-interglacial cycles, Glacial isostatic adjustment, Glacial lake outburst flood /Glacier lake outburst, Glacial or glaciation, Glaciated, Glacier, Glacierized, Global carbon budget, Global dimming, Global energy budget, Global energy inventory, Global mean sea level change, Global mean surface air temperature, Global mean surface temperature, Global monsoon, Global warming, Global warming potential, "Gravitational, rotational and deformational effects", Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment, Greenhouse effect, Greenhouse gas emission metric, Greenhouse gas neutrality, Greenhouse gases, Greenland Ice Sheet, Gross primary production, Ground-level ozone, Grounding line, Gyre, Hadley circulation, Halocarbons, Halocline, Halosteric, Halosteric sea level change, Hazard, Heat index, Heat stress, Heatwave, Heavy precipitation event, Heinrich event, Heterotrophic respiration, Hindcast or retrospective forecast, Holocene, Human influence on the climate system, Human system, Hydroclimate, Hydrofluorocarbons, Hydrological cycle, Hydrological drought, Hydrological sensitivity, Hydrosphere, Hypoxic, Hypsometry, Ice age, Ice–albedo feedback, Ice core, Ice sheet, Ice shelf, Ice stream, Iceberg, Indian Ocean Dipole, Indian Ocean basin mode, Indirect land-use change, Industrial revolution, Insolation, Instantaneous radiative forcing due to aerosol–cloud interactions, Instantaneous radiative forcing due to aerosol–radiation interactions, Integrated assessment model, Inter-decadal Pacific Oscillation, Inter-tropical Convergence Zone, Interglacial or interglaciation, Internal climate variability, Internal variability, Interpolation uncertainty, Interstadial or interstade, Irreversibility, Isostatic or Isostasy, Isotopes, Key climate indicators, Kriging, Land, Land cover, Land-cover change, Land surface air temperature, Land use, Land-use change, Land water storage, Lapse rate, Large-scale, Last millennium, Latent heat flux, Lifetime, Light-absorbing particles, Likelihood, Lithosphere, Livelihood, Local sea level change, Long-lived greenhouse gases, "Low-likelihood, high impact outcomes", Madden–Julian Oscillation, Maladaptive actions, Marine-based ice sheet, Marine cloud brightening, Marine heatwave, Marine ice cliff instability, Marine ice sheet instability, Marine isotope stage, Mass balance/budget, Mean sea level, Megacity, Meltwater Pulse 1A, Meridional overturning circulation, Meteorological drought, Methane, Microclimate, Microwave sounding unit, Mineralization/Remineralization, Mitigation, Mitigation pathways, Mitigation potential, Mitigation scenario, Model initialization, Model spread, Modes of climate variability, Mole fraction or mixing ratio, Montreal Protocol, Narrative, Natural systems, Natural variability, Near-surface permafrost, Negative greenhouse gas emissions, Net negative greenhouse gas emissions, Net primary production, Net zero CO2 emissions, Net zero greenhouse gas emissions, Nitrogen deposition, Nitrous oxide, Non-CO2 emissions and radiative forcing, Non-linearity, Non-methane volatile organic compounds, Non-overshoot pathways, North American monsoon, North Atlantic Oscillation, Northern Annular Mode, Ocean, Ocean acidification, Ocean alkalinization/Ocean alkalinity enhancement, Ocean carbon cycle, Ocean deoxygenation, Ocean dynamic sea level change, Ocean fertilisation, Ocean heat uptake efficiency, Ocean stratification, Orbital forcing, Organic aerosol, Outgoing longwave radiation, Outlet glacier, Overshoot pathways, Oxygen minimum zone, Ozone, Ozone-depleting substances, Ozone layer, Ozonesonde, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Pacific Decadal Variability, Pacific-North American pattern, Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum, Paleoclimate, Pathways, Pattern scaling, Peat, Peatlands, Percentile, Permafrost, Permafrost degradation, Permafrost thaw, Perturbed parameter ensemble, Phenology, Photosynthesis, Physical climate storyline, Plankton, Plant evaporative stress, Pleistocene, Pliocene, Polar amplification, Pollen analysis, Potential evapotranspiration, Pre-industrial, Precipitable water, Precursors, Predictability, Prediction quality/skill, Primary production, Probability density function, Process-based model, Projection, Proxy, Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, Quaternary, Radiative forcing, Rapid dynamical change, Reanalysis, Reasons for Concern, Reconstruction, Reference period, Reference scenario, Reforestation, Region, Regional climate messages, Regional climate model, Regional sea level change, Relative humidity, Relative sea level change, Remaining carbon budget, Representative Concentration Pathways, Reservoir, Resilience, Resolution, Respiration, Response time or adjustment time, Return period, Return value, Risk, Risk assessment, Risk framework, Risk management, Risk perception, Risk trade-off, River discharge, Rock glacier, Runoff, Sampling uncertainty, Scenario, Scenario storyline, Sea ice, Sea ice area, Sea ice concentration, Sea ice extent, Sea level change, Sea level equivalent, Sea level rise, Sea surface temperature, Semi-empirical model, Sensible heat flux, Sequestration, Sequestration potential, Shared socio-economic pathways, Short-lived climate forcers, Short-lived climate pollutants, Significant wave height, Simple climate model, Sink, Small Island Developing States, Snow cover, Snow cover duration, Snow cover extent, Snow water equivalent, Socio-economic scenario, Soil moisture, Soil temperature, Solar activity, Solar cycle, Solar radiation, Solar radiation modification, Solubility pump, Source, South American monsoon, South Pacific Convergence Zone, South and South East Asian monsoon, Southern Annular Mode, Specific humidity, Stadial or stade, Steric sea level change, Storm surge, Storm tracks, Storyline, Stratification, Stratosphere, Stratosphere–troposphere exchange, Stratospheric aerosol injection, Stratospheric ozone, Stratospheric polar vortex, Stratospheric sounding unit, Streamflow, Subduction, Sudden stratospheric warming, Sulphur hexafluoride, Sunspots, Surface energy budget, Surface mass balance, Surprises, Swash, Talik, Technical potential, Teleconnection, Teleconnection pattern, Temperature overshoot, Terrestrial radiation, Thermocline, Thermokarst, Thermosteric sea level change, Tide gauge, Time of emergence, Tipping element, Tipping point, Top-of-atmosphere energy budget, Total alkalinity, Total carbon budget, Total solar irradiance, Total water level, Trace gas, Transient climate response, Transient climate response to cumulative CO2 emissions, Tree rings, Trend estimates uncertainty, Tropical Atlantic Variability, Tropical cyclone, Tropopause, Troposphere, Tropospheric ozone, Tundra, Turnover time, Typological regions, Uncertainty, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Uptake, Upwelling region, Urban heat island, Urbanization, Ventilation, Vertical land motion, Very short-lived halogenated substances, Volatile organic compounds, Vulnerability, Walker circulation, Water cycle, Water mass, Water security, Wave setup, Weathering, Well-mixed greenhouse gas, West African monsoon, Wetland, Younger Dryas, Zero emissions commitment, PH
| terms = 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, Abrupt change, Abrupt climate change, Access, Acclimatisation, Accumulation, Acute food insecurity, Adaptation, Adaptation Fund, Adaptation behaviour, Adaptation deficit, Adaptation gap, Adaptation limits, Adaptation needs, Adaptation options, Adaptation pathways, Adaptive capacity, Adaptive governance, Adaptive management, Adverse side-effect, Aerosol, Afforestation, Agreement, Agricultural and ecological drought, Agroecology, Agroforestry, Air pollution, Albedo, Anomaly, Anthropocene, Anthropogenic, Anthropogenic emissions, Anthropogenic subsidence, Arid zone, Aridity, Atmosphere, Attribution, Autonomous adaptation, Avalanche, Baseline/reference, Baseline scenario, Behavioural change, Benthic, Benthos, Beta diversity, Biodiversity, Biodiversity hotspots, Bioenergy, Biofuel, Biomass, Biomes, Biosphere, Blue carbon, Blue infrastructure, Burden, Business as usual, Calcification, Capacity building, Carbon dioxide, Carbon dioxide fertilisation, Carbon dioxide removal, Carbon footprint, Carbon stock, Cascading impacts, Catchment, Cities, City region, Climate, Climate extreme, Climate feedback, Climate finance, Climate governance, Climate information, Climate justice, Climate literacy, Climate model, Climate prediction, Climate projection, Climate refugium, Climate resilient development, Climate resilient development pathways, Climate-resilient pathways, Climate services, Climate simulation ensemble, Climate-smart agriculture, Climate system, Climate variability, Climate velocity, Climatic driver, Co-benefits, Coast, Coastal erosion, Communicable disease, Community-based adaptation, Compound risks, Compound weather/climate events, Concentrations scenario, Confidence, Conservation agriculture, Coping, Coping capacity, Coral bleaching, Coral reef, Cost–benefit analysis, Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Cryosphere, Cultural impacts, Decarbonisation, Deep uncertainty, Deforestation, Deliberate transformations, Desertification, Detection, Detection and attribution, Developed/developing countries, Development pathways, Diatoms, Diet, Disaster, Disaster management, Disaster risk, Disaster risk management, Disaster risk reduction, Discounting, Downscaling, Drainage, Driver, Drought, Early warning systems, Earth system model, Eastern boundary upwelling systems, Ecosystem, Ecosystem-based adaptation, Ecosystem health, Ecosystem services, El Niño–Southern Oscillation, Emergence, Emission pathways, Emissions scenario, Enabling conditions, Endemic species, Energy access, Energy efficiency, Energy security, Energy system, Equality, Equity, Ethics, Eutrophication, Evaporation, Evapotranspiration, Evidence, Evolutionary adaptation, Exposure, Externality/external cost/external benefit, Extinction, Extirpation, Extreme/heavy precipitation event, Extreme sea level, Extreme weather event, Fairness, Feasibility, Fire weather, Flood, Flux, Food-borne diseases, Food security, Food system, Forest, Forest degradation, Forest line, Fossil fuels, Glacial lake outburst flood /Glacier lake outburst, Glacier, Global change, Global mean sea level change, Global mean surface air temperature, Global mean surface temperature, Global monsoon, Global warming, Governance, Governance capacity, Green Climate Fund, Green infrastructure, Greenhouse gases, Grey infrastructure, Gross domestic product, Groundwater recharge, Habitability, Hazard, Health, Heat index, Heat stress, Heatwave, Heavy precipitation event, Human behaviour, Human mobility, Human rights, Human security, Human system, Hydrological cycle, Hydrological drought, Hydropower, Hyperthermal events, Hypoxic, Hypoxic events, Ice sheet, Impacts, Income, Incremental adaptation, Indigenous Peoples, Indigenous knowledge, Inequality, Informal settlement, Infrastructure, Institutional capacity, Institutions, Insurance/reinsurance, Integrated assessment, Integrated assessment model, Invasive species, Just transitions, Justice, Key risk, Land, Land cover, Land-cover change, Land degradation, Land management, Land use, Land-use change, Least Developed Countries, Likelihood, Livelihood, Local extinction, Local knowledge, Lock-in, Loss and Damage, and losses and damages, Low Elevation Coastal Zones, Low-likelihood, high impact outcomes, Maladaptive actions, Malnutrition, Marine heatwave, Mean sea level, Measurement, Megacity, Megadrought, Mental health, Meteorological drought, Methane, Metric, Microclimate, Migrant, Migration, Mitigation, Mitigation measures, Mitigation option, Mitigation scenario, Models, Monitoring and evaluation, Mountains, Multi-level governance, Narrative, Native species, Natural systems, Nature-based solutions, Net primary production, Net zero CO2 emissions, New Urban Agenda, Non-climatic driver, Non-communicable diseases, Ocean, Ocean acidification, Ocean deoxygenation, Ocean stratification, Outbreak, Oxygen minimum zone, Ozone, Pandemic, Particulate matter, Pasture, Path dependence, Pathways, Peat, Peatlands, Pelagic, Pelagos, Peri-urban areas, Permafrost, Permafrost degradation, Permafrost thaw, Phenology, Photosynthesis, Planetary health, Plankton, Planned relocation, Plasticity, Policies, Political economy, Polycentric governance, Potential evapotranspiration, Poverty, Poverty trap, Pre-industrial, Precipitation deficit, Precursors, Predictability, Primary production, Procedural justice, Projection, Proxy, Radiative forcing, Reasons for Concern, Reference period, Reference scenario, Reforestation, Refugium, Region, Regulation, Relative humidity, Reporting, Representative Concentration Pathways, Representative Key Risks, Reservoir, Residual risk, Resilience, Resolution, Respiration, Restoration, Return period, Risk, Risk assessment, Risk management, Risk perception, Risk transfer, Runoff, Salt-water intrusion/encroachment, Scenario, Sea ice, Sea level change, Sea surface temperature, Semi-arid zone, Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, Sensitivity, Sequestration, Settlements, Shared socio-economic pathways, Shelf seas, Sink, Small Island Developing States, Snow cover, Snow water equivalent, Social-ecological system, Social inclusion, Social infrastructure, Social justice, Social learning, Social protection, Societal transformations, Socio-economic scenario, Socio-technical transitions, Soil erosion, Soil moisture, Soil organic carbon, Soil organic matter, Solar radiation modification, Solution space, Source, Southern Annular Mode, Southern Ocean, Spatial and temporal scales, Standard, Storm surge, Storyline, Stranded assets, Stratification, Streamflow, Stressors, Sustainability, Sustainable Development Goals, Sustainable development, Sustainable development pathways, Sustainable forest management, Sustainable land management, Sympagic, Teleconnection, Temperature overshoot, Tier, Tipping element, Tipping point, Trade-off, Transformation, Transformational adaptation, Transformative change, Transition, Tree line, Tropical cyclone, Tsunami, Tundra, Uncertainty, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Uptake, Upwelling region, Urban Systems, Urban, Urban and peri-urban agriculture, Urbanisation, Values and beliefs, Vector-borne disease, Ventilation, Vulnerability, Vulnerability index, Water-borne diseases, Water security, Water-use efficiency, Weathering, Well-being, Wetland, Displacement, PH
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Revision as of 05:13, 22 May 2026

Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (WGII)

Report Summary

Working Group Report
Climate Change 2022 – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
Working Group II Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Published 2022

ISBN 9781009325844

Licence CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0

Table of Contents

Contents
Front Matter
Content in this section is out of scope
SPM
Summary for Policymakers
Read
TS
Technical Summary
Read
Chapters
Chapter 1Point of Departure and Key Concepts
Read
Chapter 2Terrestrial and Freshwater Ecosystems and Their Services
Read
Chapter 3Oceans and Coastal Ecosystems and Their Services
Read
Chapter 4Water
Read
Chapter 5Food, Fibre and Other Ecosystem Products
Read
Chapter 6Cities, Settlements and Key Infrastructure
Read
Chapter 7Health, Wellbeing and the Changing Structure of Communities
Read
Chapter 8Poverty, Livelihoods and Sustainable Development
Read
Chapter 9Africa
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Chapter 10Asia
Read
Chapter 11Australasia
Read
Chapter 12Central and South America
Read
Chapter 13Europe
Read
Chapter 14North America
Read
Chapter 15Small Islands
Read
Chapter 16Key Risks across Sectors and Regions
Read
Chapter 17Decision-Making Options for Managing Risk
Read
Chapter 18Climate Resilient Development Pathways
Read
Cross-Chapter Paper 1Biodiversity Hotspots
Read
Cross-Chapter Paper 2Cities and Settlements by the Sea
Read
Cross-Chapter Paper 3Deserts, Semiarid Areas and Desertification
Read
Cross-Chapter Paper 4Mediterranean Region
Read
Cross-Chapter Paper 5Mountains
Read
Cross-Chapter Paper 6Polar Regions
Read
Cross-Chapter Paper 7Tropical Forests
Read
Annexes
Content in this section is out of scope
IPCC AR6 Reports
Special Reports
Working Groups
Synthesis
SR15 (2018)
SRCCL (2019)
SROCC (2019)
WGI (2021)
WGII (2022)
WGIII (2022)
SYR (2023)

Citation Suggestion

IPCC, 2022: Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 3056 pp., doi:10.1017/9781009325844.

Acronyms

Glossary Terms

Glossary terms in this report

2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Abrupt change Abrupt climate change Access Acclimatisation Accumulation Acute food insecurity Adaptation Adaptation Fund Adaptation behaviour Adaptation deficit Adaptation gap Adaptation limits Adaptation needs Adaptation options Adaptation pathways Adaptive capacity Adaptive governance Adaptive management Adverse side-effect Aerosol Afforestation Agreement Agricultural and ecological drought Agroecology Agroforestry Air pollution Albedo Anomaly Anthropocene Anthropogenic Anthropogenic emissions Anthropogenic subsidence Arid zone Aridity Atmosphere Attribution Autonomous adaptation Avalanche Baseline/reference Baseline scenario Behavioural change Benthic Benthos Beta diversity Biodiversity Biodiversity hotspots Bioenergy Biofuel Biomass Biomes Biosphere Blue carbon Blue infrastructure Burden Business as usual Calcification Capacity building Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide fertilisation Carbon dioxide removal Carbon footprint Carbon stock Cascading impacts Catchment Cities City region Climate Climate extreme Climate feedback Climate finance Climate governance Climate information Climate justice Climate literacy Climate model Climate prediction Climate projection Climate refugium Climate resilient development Climate resilient development pathways Climate-resilient pathways Climate services Climate simulation ensemble Climate-smart agriculture Climate system Climate variability Climate velocity Climatic driver Co-benefits Coast Coastal erosion Communicable disease Community-based adaptation Compound risks Compound weather/climate events Concentrations scenario Confidence Conservation agriculture Coping Coping capacity Coral bleaching Coral reef Cost–benefit analysis Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Cryosphere Cultural impacts Decarbonisation Deep uncertainty Deforestation Deliberate transformations Desertification Detection Detection and attribution Developed/developing countries Development pathways Diatoms Diet Disaster Disaster management Disaster risk Disaster risk management Disaster risk reduction Discounting Downscaling Drainage Driver Drought Early warning systems Earth system model Eastern boundary upwelling systems Ecosystem Ecosystem-based adaptation Ecosystem health Ecosystem services El Niño–Southern Oscillation Emergence Emission pathways Emissions scenario Enabling conditions Endemic species Energy access Energy efficiency Energy security Energy system Equality Equity Ethics Eutrophication Evaporation Evapotranspiration Evidence Evolutionary adaptation Exposure Externality/external cost/external benefit Extinction Extirpation Extreme/heavy precipitation event Extreme sea level Extreme weather event Fairness Feasibility Fire weather Flood Flux Food-borne diseases Food security Food system Forest Forest degradation Forest line Fossil fuels Glacial lake outburst flood /Glacier lake outburst Glacier Global change Global mean sea level change Global mean surface air temperature Global mean surface temperature Global monsoon Global warming Governance Governance capacity Green Climate Fund Green infrastructure Greenhouse gases Grey infrastructure Gross domestic product Groundwater recharge Habitability Hazard Health Heat index Heat stress Heatwave Heavy precipitation event Human behaviour Human mobility Human rights Human security Human system Hydrological cycle Hydrological drought Hydropower Hyperthermal events Hypoxic Hypoxic events Ice sheet Impacts Income Incremental adaptation Indigenous Peoples Indigenous knowledge Inequality Informal settlement Infrastructure Institutional capacity Institutions Insurance/reinsurance Integrated assessment Integrated assessment model Invasive species Just transitions Justice Key risk Land Land cover Land-cover change Land degradation Land management Land use Land-use change Least Developed Countries Likelihood Livelihood Local extinction Local knowledge Lock-in Loss and Damage and losses and damages Low Elevation Coastal Zones Low-likelihood high impact outcomes Maladaptive actions Malnutrition Marine heatwave Mean sea level Measurement Megacity Megadrought Mental health Meteorological drought Methane Metric Microclimate Migrant Migration Mitigation Mitigation measures Mitigation option Mitigation scenario Models Monitoring and evaluation Mountains Multi-level governance Narrative Native species Natural systems Nature-based solutions Net primary production Net zero CO2 emissions New Urban Agenda Non-climatic driver Non-communicable diseases Ocean Ocean acidification Ocean deoxygenation Ocean stratification Outbreak Oxygen minimum zone Ozone Pandemic Particulate matter Pasture Path dependence Pathways Peat Peatlands Pelagic Pelagos Peri-urban areas Permafrost Permafrost degradation Permafrost thaw Phenology Photosynthesis Planetary health Plankton Planned relocation Plasticity Policies Political economy Polycentric governance Potential evapotranspiration Poverty Poverty trap Pre-industrial Precipitation deficit Precursors Predictability Primary production Procedural justice Projection Proxy Radiative forcing Reasons for Concern Reference period Reference scenario Reforestation Refugium Region Regulation Relative humidity Reporting Representative Concentration Pathways Representative Key Risks Reservoir Residual risk Resilience Resolution Respiration Restoration Return period Risk Risk assessment Risk management Risk perception Risk transfer Runoff Salt-water intrusion/encroachment Scenario Sea ice Sea level change Sea surface temperature Semi-arid zone Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction Sensitivity Sequestration Settlements Shared socio-economic pathways Shelf seas Sink Small Island Developing States Snow cover Snow water equivalent Social-ecological system Social inclusion Social infrastructure Social justice Social learning Social protection Societal transformations Socio-economic scenario Socio-technical transitions Soil erosion Soil moisture Soil organic carbon Soil organic matter Solar radiation modification Solution space Source Southern Annular Mode Southern Ocean Spatial and temporal scales Standard Storm surge Storyline Stranded assets Stratification Streamflow Stressors Sustainability Sustainable Development Goals Sustainable development Sustainable development pathways Sustainable forest management Sustainable land management Sympagic Teleconnection Temperature overshoot Tier Tipping element Tipping point Trade-off Transformation Transformational adaptation Transformative change Transition Tree line Tropical cyclone Tsunami Tundra Uncertainty United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Uptake Upwelling region Urban Systems Urban Urban and peri-urban agriculture Urbanisation Values and beliefs Vector-borne disease Ventilation Vulnerability Vulnerability index Water-borne diseases Water security Water-use efficiency Weathering Well-being Wetland Displacement PH